What is the Extended Essay?
The extended essay is an independent research project on a topic chosen by the student, working in collaboration with their supervisor. This essay is a formally presented scholarly paper that typically should not exceed 4000 words (approximately eight typed pages, double-spaced, with Times New Roman font – but do refer to your own university’s guidelines on word count and presentation). The extended essay puts forward a well-reasoned argument in relation to a research question. The components of an extended essay usually include:
- Title page
- Abstract
- Contents page
- Introduction
- Body (development/methods/results)
- Conclusion
- References
- Appendices
Each of these elements contributes to the structure and coherence of the essay, ensuring that the argument is clearly presented and supported by evidence.
Why is the Extended Essay Required?
The purpose of writing an extended essay is multifaceted. It allows students to pose insightful questions appropriate to the topic, focus the topic, and engage in a systematic research process. This project helps develop creative and critical thinking, work independently, and improve writing and communication skills. Additionally, it provides the satisfaction of intellectual discovery. When students exit the program, they should know how to plan and pursue research, apply analytical and evaluative skills to their work, understand the implications and context of their research, use language appropriate to their research topic, gather and interpret material from credible sources, and use the gathered material to develop and present a well-reasoned argument.
How the Extended Essay is Accomplished
Students can accomplish the extended essay by following these steps:
- Choose a Topic: Select a topic from the list of approved subjects in the Diploma Programme (see Handbook). Ensure that the topic is one that interests you and has sufficient scope for research within the 4000-word limit.
- Understand the Assessment Criteria: Familiarize yourself with the assessment criteria. Marks are awarded based on how well the essay meets these criteria, including clarity, coherence, analysis, and critical thinking.
- Work with Your Supervisor: Collaborate with your supervisor to refine your topic. They can provide guidance on narrowing or broadening the focus to ensure it is manageable and significant.
- Allocate Time for Research and Writing: Dedicate around 40 hours to research and writing. Plan deadlines for each phase of the investigation and writing process to manage your time effectively.
- Formulate a Focused Research Question: Develop a research question that is neither too broad nor too narrow. This question should be one you are passionate about and have some prior knowledge of. Your supervisor can assist in refining this question.
- Gather Research Materials: Decide where and how you will gather your research materials. Evaluate these sources critically, considering their credibility and relevance. Plan how you will use this material to support your argument.
- Organize Research Materials: Organize your research materials logically to support your tentative argument. This organization will help in writing a coherent and structured essay.
- Choose a Reference System: Select a reference system appropriate to your subject. This could be APA, MLA, Chicago, or another style. Ensure that you consistently apply this style throughout your essay.
- Write the Body of the Essay: Begin writing the body of the essay, making references and citing sources as you go. Use subheadings to help structure your argument and clarify your points. Ensure that your argument is well-supported by the evidence gathered.
- Write the Introduction: Once the argument is clear, write the introduction. This should inform the reader about what to expect, explain why the research question is important, and how it fits into the broader context.
- Write the Conclusion: Summarize what was achieved in your research. Note any limitations and suggest areas for further investigation that arose during your research.
- Ensure Correct Citations: Make sure all citations are correct and complete. List only those resources actually used in the bibliography.
- Prepare the Title Page and Contents Page: Number your pages and prepare a contents page to help guide the reader through your essay.
- Write the Abstract: The abstract is a brief summary of your essay, usually around 300 words. It should outline the main research question, methods, results, and conclusion.
Detailed Steps in Writing the Extended Essay
Choosing a Topic
The first step in writing an extended essay is choosing a topic that is both interesting and feasible. The topic should fall within one of the approved subjects in the Diploma Programme and should be something that can be explored in depth within the 4000-word limit. Consider your interests, existing knowledge, and the availability of resources when selecting a topic. Discuss potential topics with your supervisor to get their input and to ensure that the topic is appropriate and manageable.
Formulating a Research Question
Once you have chosen a topic, the next step is to formulate a research question. A good research question is focused, clear, and researchable. It should be narrow enough to allow for in-depth exploration within the word limit but broad enough to find sufficient material. Your research question will guide your research and writing, so take the time to refine it with the help of your supervisor.
Conducting Research
Conducting thorough and systematic research is crucial for a successful extended essay. Identify credible sources, such as academic journals, books, and reputable websites. Evaluate each source critically, considering its relevance, reliability, and bias. Organize your notes and sources systematically to make the writing process more manageable. Keep track of all your references to ensure accurate citation later.
Writing the Essay
Start by writing the body of your essay, using the research material you have gathered to support your argument. Structure your essay logically, using subheadings to organize your points. Each paragraph should have a clear main idea, supported by evidence from your research. As you write, make sure to cite your sources appropriately and consistently.
After completing the body of your essay, write the introduction. The introduction should provide background information on your topic, explain the significance of your research question, and outline the structure of your essay. Next, write the conclusion, summarizing your findings and discussing their implications. Mention any limitations of your research and suggest areas for further investigation.
Reviewing and Revising
Once you have completed your first draft, take the time to review and revise your essay. Check for clarity, coherence, and consistency. Make sure that your argument is well-supported by evidence and that your citations are accurate and complete. Pay attention to grammar, punctuation, and formatting. Consider getting feedback from your supervisor or peers to improve your essay further.
Conclusion
Writing an extended essay is a challenging but rewarding process that develops important research, writing, and critical thinking skills. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can produce a well-reasoned and well-supported scholarly paper. Remember to choose a topic that interests you, formulate a focused research question, conduct thorough research, and structure your essay logically. With careful planning and diligent work, you can achieve success in your extended essay and gain valuable skills for future academic endeavors.