The UK voted to leave the European Union in 2016 and officially left the trading bloc on 31st January 2020. Most things were kept the same until 31st December 2020, to allow for negotiation of a trade deal which was agreed on 24th December 2020.
These essays are on topics related to Brexit. Note that some of the essays will have been written before Brexit was concluded.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and Problem Statement Investing in property is a big business that can become highly profitable. There are main two types of property investment, which are buy-to-sell and buy-to-let. Buy-to-sell investment involves property development activities such as renovation and re-lease or selling of existing buildings in order to make a profit … Read more
The purpose of this assignment is to explore if Brexit is a step towards the break of the European Union or a trigger for close integration among the remaining member of states. The European Union (EU) was established in order to prevent the horrors of modern warfare, experienced by most of Europe during the World … Read more
Introduction With the UK’s departure from the EU imminent, the Government face a mammoth task in conquering the challenges which lie ahead. The EU has played a vital role in shaping UK law and policy, developing it in such a way that significant improvements have been made since the early 1970’s. It is therefore no … Read more
Base on The United Kingdom European Union membership referendum on 23 June 2016, 51.89% of voters supports the UK to leave from the EU. The result has shocked the world, the impacts of Brexit is not only between the UK and the EU economies but also the world. The reasons of why British wants to … Read more
What is Brexit The word of Brexit used as a short way of saying that England is leaving the EU combine the words Britain and exit to get Brexit.Britain is leaving the EU because; A referendum was held on Thursday, 23 June 2016 to decide whether the UK should remain or remain in the European … Read more
In her September 2017 Florence speech, Theresa May stated that ‘the United Kingdom has never totally felt at home being in the European Union’ and that as a result of ‘history’ and ‘geography’, the EU has ‘never felt to us an integral part of our national story in the way it does to so many … Read more
The United Kingdom is considered a unique territory based off of it secluded geographical position and diverse regions. Its location sets it apart from Europe and the rest of the world. Ever since 1973 it has been a part of the European Union, despite not using the euro or the being part of the Schengen … Read more
On the 23rd of June 2016, a referendum on whether to stay in the European Union or leave took place in the United Kingdom. The results were 48.11% of the people voted to stay in the European Union but 51.89% voted to leave the European Union. As a result of this, the United Kingdom is … Read more
The European Union was made after the World War Two to stimulate or promote the economic cooperation with an idea that countries which will trade with one another would most likely avoid going to war with each other. This collaboration formed a single market which allowed goods and services, even people to move around freely. … Read more
Brexit has been in the news since the referendum vote in summer 2016. It is clearly debatable whether or not the vote to leave was a reasonable decision but it is fact that it will have huge economic implications. In the past two years, the pound didn’t only become considerably weaker, which has created big … Read more
What are the likely effects of Brexit on the European Union? On June 23rd 2016, the citizens of the United Kingdom and Gibraltar voted to leave the European Union. This was done through a democratic referendum in which 52% of voters or 17,410,742 people chose to leave, this subsequently resulted in Article 50 of the … Read more
Evaluate the current or present importance of EU law within the sources of the English Legal System. What impact would Brexit have on this importance? [20 marks] 04.11.2018 One of the main sources within the United Kingdom’s (UK’s) legal system is EU law. EU law has sovereignty over other sources of the UK’s legal system. … Read more
Introduction: Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft (BMWAG), which is situated in Munich, Germany, is the parent organization of the BMW Group. The essential business objective of the BMW Group is the advancement, make and closeout of motors and of all vehicles outfitted with those motors. The BMW Group is subdivided into the Car, Motorcycles, Financial Services … Read more
22.02.2019 In 2013, recognizing a mistrust of the British people towards Europe, the British Prime Minister David Cameron committed to hold a referendum on a possible exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union, if his party won the parliamentary elections in 2015. However, the Tories won. Cameron campaigned for his country’s continued membership … Read more
The United Kingdom acceded to the European Economic Community in 1973, an organisation that has gradually evolved into the European Union that we know today. Concurrent with the evolution of the European Community has been the transformation of the very nature of the British economy, from a largely production-based one in the first half of … Read more
Introduction: Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft (BMWAG), which is situated in Munich, Germany, is the parent organization of the BMW Group. The essential business objective of the BMW Group is the advancement, make and closeout of motors and of all vehicles outfitted with those motors. The BMW Group is subdivided into the Car, Motorcycles, Financial Services … Read more
06.05.2019 INTRODUCTION On 1 January 1973, the United Kingdom became a member of the European Economic Community. On that date, EEC law took effect as part of the domestic law of the United Kingdom, in accordance with the European communities’ act 1972.In December 2015, the UK Parliament passed the European referendum act 2015 and on … Read more
Brexit could simply be defined as the United Kingdom (UK) departing from the European Union (EU) as the final result from the referendum that took place in June 2016, with 71.8 percent referendum turnout and over 30 million people voted (Hunt, 2019). The following outcome from the referendum was Remain 48.1% and Leave won by … Read more
In this thesis we will be arguing about how the Brexit impacted the UK’s economy. The vote which decided whether we leave the EU or not took place on the 23rd June. This referendum came out with shocking results to a lot of people within the UK and EU which caused the value of the … Read more
The assumption I have made for this coursework is that the Investment Manager (IM) has a globally diversified portfolio rather than just running a European or US fund. Introduction An investment manager is a person or organization that makes investments in portfolios of securities on behalf of clients, in accordance with the investment objectives and … Read more
In order to answer the question at hand, it is imperative to first understand what brexit is and how the UK got into this situation in the first place. Brexit is a term created by Sir James Goldsmith from the UKIP party. It is a word that is used as a shorthand way of saying … Read more
Why did Leave campaigners want Britain out of the EU? Critically evaluate the ways in which they drew on historical traditions of thought in British foreign policy role to back their claims. The EU referendum held in June 2016 produced an unexpected result with the Leave campaign winning. The relationship between Europe and Britain has … Read more
Introduction It is the 23rd of June 2016 and everyone, in the United Kingdom and the whole of the European Union, is anxiously waiting for the results of the all-important referendum concerning the future of the United Kingdom and their ties to the European Union. Will they stay in the European Union or will … Read more
The United Kingdom’s entrance into the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1973 by virtue of the Treaty of Accession 1972 has positioned the UK courts in the throes of a power struggle between clashing doctrines of EU Law Supremacy and Parliamentary Sovereignty (PS). The European Communities Act (ECA) 1972 was enacted to incorporate Community law … Read more
Introduction The Racialised discourse surrounding Brexit is evident through the strong anti-immigration and nationalist narratives that drove much of both the Brexit campaign and the recent General Election of which Brexit dominated. Whilst there are certainly elements of ‘imperial nostalgia’ in this discourse, it is argued that the term simply fails to account for the … Read more
The British decision to leave the European Union brought with it great uncertainty about the future of Britain as an actor on the world stage and the future of the European Union itself as a strong and stable institution. The result of the referendum shocked many around the world no less so the European Union itself. This section shall argue the predominant factors that explain the outcome of the vote are the campaign approaches, European immigration, the expense of membership and the voting patterns/turnout of the referendum.
Once David Cameron called the referendum in 2015 2 main groups formed to campaign for the vote. ‘Britain stronger in Europe’ and ‘Vote Leave’ (Hobolt, S.B., 2016, pp.1262). It became clear the core debate within the Brexit referendum campaign and the rationale for the referendum in the first place was the question of sovereignty. British people were questioning the status quo of politics and had been tasked to make a decision between further global integration or new protectionist values. This fundamentally ideological question brought with it a campaign rife with polarisation.
It was clear the approaches taken by the two campaigning organisations varied immensely. The Remain side sourced statistics and arguments from economists and other experts to support their campaign. Their slogan stronger in Europe focused on the economic ramifications of a Brexit. Economists argued that by leaving the single market the UK would fall behind competitively and the economy would begin to contract. Furthermore, as leaving the union was an unprecedented proposition, no concrete cost of physically leaving the union could be estimated and was therefore not advertised to voters.
This was juxtaposed with the approach Leave campaigners took imploring the public to ‘take back control’. The language used was more accessible to the public while slogans on busses promising increased funding to the NHS proved attractive. The leave campaigners created a connection between increased sovereignty and autonomy with greater economic output through liberation from the single market. Furthermore, they operated as “challenger parties” to the political establishment, garnering support from the less educated and those negatively affected by the eurozone crisis of 2008 (Hobolt, S.B., 2016, pp.1272). The Remain campaigners expected a clear victory in the vote as all of the large parties in government were in favour of remaining and this impacted on the approach they took. (Hobolt, S.B., 2016, pp.1261)
The principle freedoms of the European Union uphold the right to free travel between member states without the need for a visa. This facilitates the free movement of labour within the union and the creation of a single market while also assisting ease of travel for citizens crossing borders. Though not in the Schengen Area the UK is subject to European immigration law which limits the domestic policy members states can place on those crossing their borders from other member states.
Political Analysts had witnessed a rise in Euroscepticism and a surge in populist rhetoric within British politics in the years leading up to the vote which may have prompted David Cameron to opt for a formal vote on the UK/EU status following the 2015 general election. As mentioned above having received an opt-out from the Schengen Area alongside Denmark and Ireland, the issue of mass immigration nonetheless for Britons became one of the core areas of contention.
Research has shown support for Brexit was stronger in areas which had higher levels of inward migration from other member states in the ten years before the referendum. (Goodwin and Milazzo, 2017, pp. 452) This highlights the core role the issue of immigration had in the referendum discussions and the result.
A YouGov poll stated the strong beliefs Remainer voters had as 84% associated Britain leaving the EU with ‘less immigration into Britain’, this is juxtaposed with only 27% of Remainer voters having the same opinion. (Hobolt, S.B., 2016, pp.1263)
The European Union functions on support funding it receives from member states which is calculated using population and Gross Domestic Product. The campaign to leave the European Union focused also on the large amount of British government funding which was being sent to the European Union.
The United Kingdom was a net contributor to the European Union in total coming only second in contribution size to Germany. Net contribution means the total monetary value the UK contributed to the workings of the European Union was greater than the monetary value of the supports it received in return through European projects. This statistic used by the Leave campaign resonated with the many disadvantaged and low income voters who ultimately decided to vote to leave the union.
Voter turnout on the day of the referendum is also a crucial metric in the result. The referendum had a relatively high level of turnout across the board at 72.2% however there was a disparity between the turn out between districts based on overall results either remain or leave.
The voter turnout was dramatically higher in constituencies which were leaning towards voting to leave the union. The use of leave campaigners “challenger” attitudes encouraged those who were voting leave to get out and vote, and disturb the political establishment and supposed wealthy elite who were supporting a remain vote. Furthermore, some argue the Brexit vote was a form of ‘second-order’ vote as a form of retaliation against David Cameron’s government. Leave voters felt disenfranchised and overlooked at the complacency and comfort of the Remain campaign and therefore voted for the antipathy of the status quo, particularly in cases where referendums are not legally binding as in this case. (Hobolt, S.B., 2016, pp.1264)
Through the lenses of the above factors it is clear why the Leave vote won the referendum, the use of powerful marketing and the polarisation of underlying populist views, alongside an apparent complacency on the Remain side, ensured an approval of Brexit.
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When writing an essay about Brexit, there are a variety of different themes and topics that could be discussed.
Firstly, the political and economic implications of Brexit should be addressed. This includes exploring the impact that Brexit has had, and will have, on the UK’s relationship with the European Union and the rest of the world. It is also important to discuss the economic effects of Brexit, and how it will affect the UK’s economy, businesses, and citizens.
The political and economic implications of Brexit should also be discussed in terms of the UK’s future trade and immigration policies. The UK’s departure from the EU has implications for the country’s trade policies, as it will have to negotiate new trade agreements with countries outside of the EU. It is also important to discuss how Brexit will change the UK’s immigration policies, and how this will affect the country’s labor market and the rights of EU citizens living in the UK.
In addition, it is important to consider the social and cultural implications of Brexit. This includes discussing how Brexit will affect the UK’s relationship with the EU, and how this will affect the way that Europeans view the UK. It is also important to consider how Brexit will affect the UK’s culture and society, and how it will shape the country in the future.
Finally, it is important to discuss the potential consequences of Brexit. This includes considering the potential economic and political consequences, as well as the potential social and cultural implications. It is also important to consider how Brexit will affect the UK’s relationship with the rest of the world, and how this will affect the country’s international relations.
Overall, when writing an essay about Brexit, it is important to consider a variety of different themes and topics. This includes discussing the political and economic implications, the potential trade and immigration policies, the potential social and cultural implications, and the potential consequences of Brexit. By taking these topics into account, it is possible to create an informative and comprehensive essay about Brexit.
