About Animal Farm
George Orwell’s novel “Animal Farm” was a political satire of the Russian Revolution that took place in the early 20th century. George Orwell criticizes the Russian totalitarian regime throughout the novel by creating an allegory of the book in order to demonstrate his socialist opinions on the Russian Revolution. In many ways, Orwell criticizes the totalitarian regime by creating an allegory and mocking the leader of the Communist party and the methods used to control the people during the revolution.
Joseph Stalin was the leader of the communist party of the Soviet Union and was similar to Napoleon, a pig who ruled Animal Farm in many ways. At the beginning, both leaders were against capitalism and for communism. Stalin and Napoleon both had the full support of their followers and were able to make them believe anything they said. Anyone with an opinion that contradicted their ideology was punished. Napoleon and Stalin both eliminated any opposition leaders, such as Snowball and Leon Trotsky.
For example, Snowball was blamed for any mishap that happened.
“If a window was broken or a drain was blocked up, someone was certain to say that Snowball had come in the night and done it, and when the key of the store-shed was lost, the whole farm was convinced that Snowball had thrown it down the well. Curiously enough, they went on believing this even after the mislaid key was found under a sack of meal.”
Both rulers also used violence and threats to terrorize the people/animals into following them and to remain in control. Stalin used the secret police, the Bolsheviks, and Napoleon used violent dogs. What at first was a commandment that all animals are equal; the commandment changed and soon became “All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others”. This parallels the Russian Revolution, which first started with a promise that everyone was equal and then became a dictatorship, where some were more superior than others. The attempt to create an egalitarian regime failed, and ended with a dictatorship.
Orwell criticizes Stalin by using Napoleon to demonstrate how the communist party soon became a dictatorship, and the dictator soon started to take advantage over his special privileges.
Moreover, in order to remain the leader, Napoleon used harsh methods to control the farm that was comparable to the Russian Revolution. On the farm, the animals were publicly executed and punished if they made the slightest mistake, didn’t work hard enough, formed an opinion that was different than Napoleon’s, or conspired with the “enemy”, Snowball.
“If she herself had had any picture of the future, it had been of a society of animals set free from hunger and the whip, all equal, each working according to his capacity, the strong protecting the weak… Instead – she did not know why – they had come to a time when no one dared speak his mind, when fierce, growling dogs roamed everywhere, and when you had to watch your comrades torn to pieces after confessing to shocking crimes.”
This was comparable to the time during Stalin’s reign, where there was absolutely no freedom of expression, and anyone contradicting his ideology was punished by the secret police. On Animal Farm and in the Soviet Union, the citizens were fed propaganda that no one could contradict, in fear of getting punished. Fear was used to control the people in both societies and made everyone more inclined to believe the propaganda. The animal’s terror portrayed in the novel, of the leader, Napoleon, accurately reflects the fear of the people during Stalin’s reign. This demonstrates how critical Orwell was of totalitarianism.
In conclusion, Orwell mocked the totalitarian regime by creating an allegory of the Russian Revolution through the novel, Animal Farm. The characters had different names, and were humans and not animals, but the personality of the leader of the farm, the methods used to control the farm and the plot was almost identical to the totalitarian regime during the Russian Revolution. These comparisons proved Orwell’s opinion on the totalitarian regime; he thought the policies were unjust and ridiculous.
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Themes to include in your Animal Farm essay:
- The Power of Language: Animal Farm is a story about the power of language and how it can be used to manipulate, control, and oppress.
- Animal Rights and Equality: Animal Farm highlights the importance of equality and animal rights, as well as the consequences of allowing inequality and mistreatment of animals.
- Totalitarianism: Animal Farm is a warning against the dangers of totalitarianism and the importance of standing up against oppressive governments.
- Human Nature: Animal Farm explores the idea of human nature and the potential for corruption in any society.
- The Need for Revolution: Animal Farm highlights the importance of standing up for one’s beliefs and taking action to make a change.