The 1952 winter Olympics took places in Oslo, Norway and began on February 14th to the 25th. It was known as the VI Olympic winter games and held 694 athletes. Norway, United States, and Finland did the best, Norway placed first, United States second, and Finland third. There were ten competitive venues during the 1952 winter Olympics, six were held in Oslo and the other four were held in Baerum, Skedsmo, Drammen, and Krodsherad. There were 8 noncompetitive venues, five were held in Oslo, and three in Krodsherad. Bislett stadium was the main venue during the 1952 winter Olympics because it was used for noncompetitive and competitive activities, it held the opening and closing ceremony of the winter games. The seven other noncompetitive venues were Billeting quarters for the participants. There was no known track of attendance but this Olympics was known for the number of people who watched the events.
Sochi, Russia hosted the 2014 winter Olympics in 2014 and it started February 7th to the 23rd. There was a record number of 2,873 athletes who competed in the winter Olympics, also they were from 88 different countries who competed in 98 events across 7 sports. Russia won the Olympics with 33 medals, United states came second with 28 medals, and Norway came third with 26 medals. The venues for the winter Olympics were divided into two clusters, a coastal cluster and a mountain cluster. Seven of the venues were located by the Black Sea in Alder City and five venues were located outside Alder City in the mountains. In Alder City is where they built the Olympic village which consisted of 47 buildings and could hold 75,000. This is where journalists, athletes and Olympic workers would stay and the broadcasting station was also in the village. The village was located there so people were walking distance away from the venues in the Costal l cluster. It took Sochi, Russia $51 billion dollars total for the winter Olympic games when they planned to only spend $12 billion. The games had 2.1 billion people worldwide watched on the broadcast of the games. The Russian federation established a public transportation plan in Sochi. They prepared in 2009, 5 years before the winter Olympics.
Other Sports/Events Held at Venue and Improvements/Changes Made Since
1952 Oslo Winter Games–Bislett Stadium
Normally with these venues after their initial purpose which is for the Olympics they usually sit and rot and aren’t used much or at all. Surprisingly, the two different venues talked about in our paper have in fact been put to great use for years after the Olympics for numerous different events and sports. Starting with Bislett Stadium that was the main stadium used for the 1952 Olympics Games in Oslo. After the Olympics, Bislett Stadium hosted an annual track and field event in the IAAF Golden League that has been known as the Bislett Games since 1965. The venue has also hosted the Norwegian Athletics Championships 18 different times throughout the years. Most recently a club soccer tournament was hosted there in 2005 called the Royal League and was eventually used by clubs known as Manglerud Star Oslo in 2006 and also become home ground of Skeid in 2007. Now a Norway national rugby union team occasionally plays their matches at the stadium and the final of the rugby league cub was also played there in August 2012. Since the Olympics, Bislett Stadium has ended its speed skating venue production and has been demolished and rebuilt in 2005. The new Bislett Stadium meets international requirements for track and field events and has now met the national requirements for hosting football matches in the Norwegian Premier League.
2014 Winter Olympics–Sochi Olympic Park
Now onto our second venue which was the main area for the 2014 Winter Olympics which was Sochi Olympic Park. Since the Olympics this venue has hosted a variety of different events considering it is a park with multiple facilities within. There have been skating events, world chess championships, Paralympic events, world robot Olympiad events, hockey league all-star games, international conventions, curling championships, music competitions, basketball league all-star games and world festival of youth and students events. The fact that this venue was able to host a variety of different events like this proves that this Olympic Park pretty much has everything on site that can be put to use to host a lot of these different events. Some other huge events this venue has hosted was the Formula One Russian Grand Prix in 2014 and it also hosted matches during the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Now, a new ice hockey team in the Kontiental Hockey League, HC Sochi Leopards plays in the Bolshoy Area at this venue. There haven’t been many improvements to this park throughout the years and it is now pretty much empty however, some of the facilities are being used for things like national skating schools where a new generation of Russian hockey players and figure skaters come to train, a Formula One racing track and also a giant amusement which doesn’t attract a large number of local people at all on the weekends.
Venues
Oslo, Norway 1952
Oslo held ten venues for competition and eight non-competition venues. They, also, had three reserve venues. The highest capacity competition venues held 150,000 and 29,000. The 150,000-seat venue was called Holmenkollbakken, which was in Oslo and was used for Cross-country skiing and ski jumping. Bislett stadion held 29,000 and was in Oslo. It was used for figure skating and speed skating. Half of the venues were in the city of Oslo, and the other half were in nearby cities. They did not do as much construction for the venues, they used facilities that were nearby. After the Games, they used Bislett for a speed skating venue until 1988. After that it was used for football games. Holmenkollbakken has been rebuilt several times and is a ski stadium now.
Sochi, Russia 2014
All the venues used for the Sochi Olympics were in the city and all right by each other. They had a coastal cluster, which included the main Olympic Stadium used for ceremonies, and indoor sports like hockey, figure skating, curling, and speed skating. They had a mountain cluster used for Cross-country skiing, snowboarding, and alpine skiing. There was updates to facilities to comply with the EPA. They needed to make sure there was no waste, and they needed to raise environmental awareness in preparation for the games. There wasn’t much post-Olympic usage, except for a Formula 1 racing circuit in the Coastal Cluster. Lastly, they awarded the 2018 World Cup to Russia in the Central Stadium.
For the 2014 Games, countries and technology were more advanced so preparation for the events were different. In 2014, more planning and construction was done to have a great Winter Olympics. In 1952, they built some venues, but a majority of them were venues they already had. They tended to use their resources more since all of their venues were not all in the same city. For both of the Games, most of the facilities were not used afterwards. They held events for some time at the larger venues, so the upkeep and maintenance was there to keep the venues up and running. For the 2014 Games, they did not have any reserve venues. In 1952, they had two different reserve venues for ice hockey, and one for alpine skiing.
Significant Events
Oslo, Norway 1952
This was the first time that the games were held in a Scandinavian country. The Oslo winter games debuted the Olympic torch. This was post World War II and Germany and Japan were banned from the competition. There was, also, a record number of people who watched the events.
Hjallis Andersen from Norway, won three gold medals in speed skating. He won the 5,000 and 10,000 meter races by the largest margin in the history of the events. Andreas Ostler and Lorenz Nieberl of Germany each won two titles. There was controversy because the total weight of their team was over 1,000 pounds, and people complained that they had more momentum which led them to their gold medals. After the Oslo Games, they enforced a 880 pound weight limit. Then Andrea Mead Lawrence, alpine skier, won two gold medals and had arguably the best performance.
American Dick Button became the first skater to perform a triple loop. Canada won the ice hockey title in the winter games as well. Scandinavian countries dominated skiing events. The top 17 skiers were from either Finland, Norway, or Sweden.
Sochi, Russia 2014
This was the first time that the Winter Games were held in Russia. There was controversy surrounding the location of the event because they didn’t think there would be enough snow to cover the grounds for the event. Also, construction of the buildings were behind schedule, and there were complaints of mismanagement and corruption. Russia spent $51 billion on the games, which was the most for any winter Olympic games. Russia was also having turmoil with Ukraine. There was a mechanical failure during the opening ceremony where one of the lights for the Olympic logo was not lit up.
There was approximately 2,800 athletes from 88 countries. There was a record of 98 events. Dominating speed skating was the Dutch team, they took home 23 of the 36 medals that were awarded for speed skating. Dutch speed skater, Ireen Wust, took home 5 medals (2 gold and 3 silver). Russia finished the games with the most gold medals (13) and the most medals all together (33). American skier, Bode Miller, became the oldest Alpine medalist ever (36). Mikaela Shiffrin’s victory made her the youngest Olympic slalom champion in history, she was just 18 years old. Marit Bjorgen (Norway), won 3 gold medals to bring her total to 6, the most all-time for a female Winter Olympian. Ole Einar Bjorndalen (Norway) won two medals to bring his career total to 13, the most by Winter Olympian. To conclude, Canadian men’s and women’s ice hockey took home the gold medal. Canada, also, swept the curling events.
Work cited
“1952 Winter Olympics.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Jan. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics.
“Oslo 1952.” International Olympic Committee, IOC, 23 Oct. 2017, www.olympic.org/oslo-1952.
Augustyn, Adam. “Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 31 Jan. 2019, www.britannica.com/event/Sochi-2014-Olympic-Winter-Games.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Oslo 1952 Olympic Winter Games.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 14 Feb. 2018, www.britannica.com/event/Oslo-1952-Olympic-Winter-Games.
“Venues of the 1952 Winter Olympics.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 5 Nov. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venues_of_the_1952_Winter_Olympics.
“Venues of the 2014 Winter Olympics and Paralympics.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 5 Nov. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venues_of_the_2014_Winter_Olympics_and_Paralympics.
You should never cite Wikipedia in your paper. It can be used as a source of information but should be used as a key source for information. That being said, you list sources here but do not provide any in-text citations – is that to suggest that all the information you provided was common knowledge? Future papers should include citations for all information that is not generally understood knowledge (e.g., specific attendance figures).
4.2.2019