SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY
A PROJECT REPORT ON
EFFICIENT GARBAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
SUBMITTED TOWARDS THE
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
(Computer Engineering)
BY
Mahesh Rode B120394368
Lakhan Lamba B120394312
Ishwar Gorde B120394261
Pushpak Bhandari B120394294
Under The Guidance of
Dr. Sachin Sakhare
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Kondhwa Budruk, Pune
Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project Entitled
EFFICIENT GARBAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Submitted by
Mahesh Rode B120394368
Lakhan Lamba B120394312
Ishwar Gorde B120394261
Pushpak Bhandari B120394294
is a bonafide work carried out by students under the supervision of Dr. Sachin Sakhare and it is submitted towards the partial fulfillment of the requirement of Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Engineering).
Dr. Sachin Sakhare
Internal Guide & H.O.D
Dept. of Computer Engineering
Dr. B.S. Karkare Principal VIIT, Pune
Signature of Signature of
Internal Examiner External Examiner
PROJECT APPROVAL SHEET
A Project Title
EFFICIENT GARBAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
is successfully completed by
Mahesh Rode B120394368
Lakhan Lamba B120394312
Ishwar Gorde B120394261
Pushpak Bhandari B120394294
at
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PUNE
SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE
ACADEMIC YEAR 2016-2017
Abstract
The concept of 'smart' cities has emerged, where local innovation system, largely supported by digital networks and their applications, are contributing to the diffusion of knowledge and information, knowledge decision making, network cooperation, efficient interaction among various actors and intelligence gathering. The value of ICT's in support of variety of functions in urban environments, serving people, businesses and governmental institutions in networks, highly distributed wireless senor technology, and intelligent man-agement systems to solve current and future challenges and create exciting new services, notification and information to citizens. The framework has already been successfully applied to a number of different use cases in the context of IoT systems.
The Internet of Things shall be able incorporate transparently and seam-lessly a large number of different and heterogeneous end systems, while providing open access to selected subset of data for the development of a plethora of digital services. Building a general architecture for the IoT is hence a very complex task, mainly because of the extremely large variety of devices, link layer technologies and services that may be involved in such system. In this project, we focus specially to an urban IoT system that, while still being quite a broad category are characterized by their special domain. Urban IoTs, are in fact designed to support the smart city vision, which aims at exploring the most advanced communication technologies to support added-value services for the administration of city and for the citizens. This project hence provides a compressive survey of the enabling technologies, protocols and architecture for urban IoT.
Waste management is a primary issue in many modern cities, due to both the cost of the services and the problem of the storage of garbage landfills. A deeper penetration of ICT solutions in this domain however may result in significant savings and economical and ecological advantages.
Keywords: Internet of things, embedded systems, smart city, NodeMCU and Ultrasonic sensor.
Acknowledgments
It gives us great pleasure in presenting the preliminary project report on
‘Efficient Garbage Management System’
This project is very helpful to us as per future perspective. As we learn many things from this project like how I can use Internet of Things for the de-velopment of smart waste management and di rent challenges in it. It also introduces me many new technologies in ICT. I really enjoy while doing all stuffs for this project.
We would like to take this opportunity to thank our internal guide and Head of Computer Engineering Department, VIIT, Dr. Sachin Sakhare for giving us all the help and guidance I needed. We are really grateful to him for their kind support. His valuable suggestions were very helpful.
We would like to thanks faculties of Computer engineering department specially
Prof. Vivek Ghule, Prof. Nitin Sakhare and Prof. Kirti Wanjale.
We are also thanks to Savitribai Phule Pune University for giving such good subject in our syllabus. Thanks to all who support directly or indirectly to us.
Mahesh Rode
Lakhan Lamba
Ishwar Gorde
Pushpak Bhandari
(B.E. Computer Engineering)
Contents
1 Synopsis 1
1.1 Project Title. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Project Option. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Internal Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Technical Keywords (As per ACM Keywords) . . . . . . . . . 2
1.5 Problem Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.6 Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.7 Goals and Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.8 Relevant mathematics associated with the Project. . . . . . . 4
1.9 Names of Conferences / Journals where papers can be published 5
1.10 Review of Conference/Journal Papers supporting Project idea 5
1.11 Plan of Project Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2 Technical Keywords 8
2.1 Area of Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2 Technical Keywords. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3 Introduction 10
3.1 Project Idea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2 Motivation of the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.3 Literature Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4 Problem Definition and scope 16
4.1 Problem Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.1.1 Goals and objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.1.2 Statement of scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.2 Software context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.3 Major Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.4 Methodologies of Problem solving and efficiency issues . . . . 18
4.5 Scenario in which multi-core, Embedded and Distributed Computing used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.6 Outcome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.7 Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.8 Hardware Resources Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.9 Software Resources Required. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5
5.2.3 Overview of Risk Mitigation, Monitoring, Management 26
5.3 Project Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.3.1 Project task set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.3.2 Task network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.3.3 Timeline Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5.4 Team Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5.4.1 Team structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5.4.2 Management reporting and communication. . . . . . . . 30
6 Software Requirement Specification 31
6.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.1.1 Purpose and Scope of Document . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.1.2 Overview of responsibilities of Developer. . . . . . . . 32
6.2 Usage Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.2.1 User profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.2.2 Use-cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.2.3 Use Case View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.3 Data Model and Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.3.1 Data Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.3.2 Data objects and Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.4 Functional Model and Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.4.1 Data Flow Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.4.2 Description of functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6.4.3 Activity Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6.4.4 Non Functional Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
6.4.5 State Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
6.4.6 Design Constraints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
6.4.7 Software Interface Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7 Detailed Design Document using Appendix A and B 39
7.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.2 Architectural Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.3 Data design (using Appendices A and B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.3.1 Internal software data structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.3.2 Global data structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.3.3 Temporary data structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.3.4 Database description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.4 Component design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
8 Project Implementation 43
8.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
8.2 Tools and Technologies Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
8.3 Methodologies/Algorithm Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
8.3.1 Algorithm for Smart Bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
8.3.2 Algorithms for server system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
8.4 Verification and Validation for Acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9 Software Testing 47
9.1 Type of Testing Used. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9.2 Test Cases and Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
10 Results 50
10.1 Screen shots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
11.1.1 Installing Apache2 with PHP5 and MySQL support on Ubuntu 14.04LTS 14.04 LTS (LAMP) buntu
55
11.2 User help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
12 Conclusion and future scope 57
12.1 Future scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
12.2 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Annexure A References 60
Annexure B Laboratory assignments on Project Analysis of Al- gorithmic Design 62
B.1 Idea Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
B.2 Feasibility assessment using NP class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Annexure C Laboratory assignments on Project Quality and
Reliability Testing of Project Design 67
C.1 Dynamic Programming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
C.2 Testing of project problem statement using generated test data 70
C.3 UML Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Annexure D Project Planner 76
Annexure E Reviewers Comments of Paper Submitted 78
Annexure F Plagiarism Report 81
Annexure G Term-II Project Laboratory Assignments 83
Annexure H Information of Project Group Members 86
List of Figures
5.1 Waterfall Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.2 Time Estimate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.1 Use case diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6.2 ER diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.3 DFD Level 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6.4 DFD Level 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6.5 Activity diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6.6 State transition diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.1 Architecture diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.2 Component design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
8.1 Implementation of Smart Garbage Management System. . . . . 44
10.1 Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
10.2 Mobile SMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
10.3 Login Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
10.4 Dust Bin status Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
10.5 Location of the Dustbin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
12.1 Future Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
List of Tables
4.1 Hardware Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.1 Cost Estimation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.2 Risk Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.3 Risk Probability definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.4 Risk Impact definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6.1 Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
8.1 Verification and Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9.1 Test Cases and Test Result s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
B.1 IDEA Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
C.1 Cost Estimation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
G.1 System configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
G.2 Test tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
CHAPTER 1
1.1 Project Title
Efficient Garbage Management System
1.2 Project Option
Internal project
1.3 Internal Guide
Dr. Sachin Sakhare
1.4 Technical Keywords (As per ACM Key- words)
1. C. Computer Systems Organization
(a) C.2 COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
i. C.2.4 Distributed Systems
A. Client/server
2. C.3 SPECIAL-PURPOSE AND APPLICATION-BASED SYSTEMS (J.7)
(a) Microprocessor/microcomputer applications
(b) Process control systems
(c) Real time and embedded systems
3. D. Software
(a) D.0 GENERAL
(b) D.1 PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES (E) (c) D.1.0 General
(d) D.1.1 Applicative (Functional) Programming
–
(e) D.1.2 Automatic Programming (I.2.2)
4. K.6 MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYS- TEMS
(a) K.6.5 Security and Protection i. Authentication
ii. Physical security
iii. Unauthorized access (e.g., hacking, phreaking)
5. K.8 PERSONAL COMPUTING (a) K.8.1 Application Packages
i. Data communications ii. Database processing
iii. Freeware/shareware
1.5 Problem Statement
Developing a SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT system with a deeper pen- etration of ICT solutions in this domain, however may result in significant savings and economical and ecological advantages.
1.6 Abstract