Abstract- Artificial intelligence-Artificial intelligence is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software. It is the subfield of computer science. It involves two basic ideas. First it involves studying the thought processes of human beings. Second, it deals with representing those process via machines like computers, robots etc. The goal of AI research is to create computer programs to learn, solve problems and think logically. This system is working throughout the world as an artificial brain. AI researches are free to use methods that are not observed in people or that involve much more computing than people can do. It includes various advanced systems such as Neural Network, Fuzzy Systems and Evolutionary computation.
Keywords:-Artificial neuron network, Genetic algorithm, Melomics, Computational complexities.
I. INTRODUCTION
Fig: 1 Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence(AI) is the intelligence exhibited by machines. In computer science, an ideal “intelligent” machine is a flexible rational agent that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, natural of success at some goal. The term “Artificial Intelligence” is applied when a machine mimics subjective or experimental functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as learning and problem solving. The central goals of AI research include language processing (communication), perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. As machines become increasingly capable, facilities once thought to require intelligence are removed from the definition. Capabilities still classified as AI include advanced Chess and Go systems and Self-driving cars. Approaches include statistical methods, computational intelligence, soft computing and traditional symbolic AI. Many tools are used in AI, including versions of search and mathematical optimization, logic methods based on probability and economics. The AI field draws upon computer science, mathematics, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, neuroscience and artificial psychology[1].
II. GOALS OF AI
• To Create Expert Systems-The systems which exhibit intelligent behavior, learn, demonstrate, explain, and advice its users.
• To Implement Human Intelligence in Machines-Creating systems that understand, think, learn, and behave like humans[2].
III. APPLICATIONS OF AI
Fig: 2 Applications of AI
A. Computer science
AI researches have created many tools to solve the most difficult problems in computer science. Many of their inventions have been adopted by mainstream computer science and are no longer considered a part of AI. According to Russell & Norvig, all of the following were originally developed in AI laboratories: time sharing, interactive interpreters, graphical user interfaces and the computer mouse, rapid development environments, the linked list data structure, automatic storage management, symbolic programming, functional programming, dynamic programming and object-oriented programming.
B. Finance
Financial institutions have long used artificial neural network systems to detect charges or claims outside of the norm, flagging these for human investigation.
Use of AI in banking can be tracked back to 1987 when Security Pacific National Bank in USA set-up a Fraud Prevention Task force to counter the unauthorized use of debit cards. Apps like Kasisito and Money stream are using AI in financial services.
Banks use artificial intelligence systems to organize operations, invest in stocks, and manage properties. In August 2001, robots beat humans in a simulated financial trading competition.
C. Hospital and Medicine
Artificial neural networks are used as clinical decision support systems for medical diagnosis, such as in Concept Processing technology in EMR software. Other tasks in medicine that can potentially be performed by artificial intelligence include:
• Computer-aided interpretation of medical images. Such system help scan digital images, e.g. from computed tomography, for typical appearances and to highlight conspicuous sections, such as possible diseases. A typical application is the detection of a tumor.
• Heart sound analysis.
• Watson project is another use of AI in this field, a Q/A program that suggest for doctor’s of cancer patients.
D. Online and Telephone Customer Service
An automated online assistant providing customer service on a web page.
AI is implemented in automated online assistants that can be seen as avatars on web pages. It can avail for enterprises to reduce their operation and training cost. A major underlying technology to such systems is natural language processing.
E. Transportation
Fuzzy logic controllers have been developed for automatic gearboxes in automobiles. For example, the 2006 Audi TT, VW Touareg and VW Caravell feature the DSP transmission which utilizes Fuzzy Logic. A number of Skoda variants also currently include a Fuzzy Logic-based controller.
F. Telecommunications maintenance
Many telecommunications companies make use of heuristic search in the management of their workforces, for example BT Group has deployed heuristic search in a scheduling application that provides the work schedules of 20,000 engineers.
G. Music
The evolution of music has always been affected by technology. With AI, scientist are trying to make the computer emulate the activities of the skillful musician. Composition, performance, music theory, sound processing are some of the major areas on which research in Music and Artificial Intelligence are focusing. Among these efforts, Melomics seems to be ahead by powering computer-composers that learn to compose the way humans do[3].
IV. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PROGRAMMING WITHOUT AI AND WITH AI
A. Programming without AI
• A computer program without AI can answer the Specific questions it meant to solve.
• Modification in the program leads to change in its structure.
• Modification is not quick and easy task. It may lead to affecting the program adversely [4].
B. Programming with AI
• A Computer program with AI can answer the Generic questions it meant to solve.
• AI programs can absorb new modifications by highly putting independent pieces of information together. Hence you can modify a minute piece of information of a program without affecting its structure.
• Quick and easy program notification.[5]
V. ADVANTAGES OF AI
• Jobs – depending on the level and type of intelligence these machines receive in the future, it will obviously have an effect on the type of work they can do, and how well they can do it (they can become more efficient). As the level of AI increases so will their competency to deal with difficult, complex even dangerous tasks that are currently done by humans, a form of applied artificial intelligence.
• Increase Our Technological Growth Rate – following on from the point above, AI will potentially help us 'open doors' into new and more advanced technological breakthroughs. For instance, due to their ability to produce millions and millions of computer modeling programs also with high degrees of accuracy, machines could essentially help us to find and understand new chemical elements and compounds etc. Basically, a very realistic advantage AI could propose is to act as a sort of catalyst for further technological & scientific discovery.
• They don't stop – as they are machines there is no need for sleep, they don't get ill , there is no need for breaks or Face book, they are able to go, go, go! There obviously may be the need for them to be charged or refueled, however the point is, they are definitely going to get a lot more work done than we can. All that is required is that they have some energy source.
• No risk of harm – when we are exploring new undiscovered land or even planets, when a machine gets broken or dies, there is no harm done as they don't feel, they don't have emotions. Whereas going on the same type of expeditions a machine does, may simply not be possible or they are exposing themselves to high risk situations.
• Act as aids – they can act as 24/7 aids to children with disabilities or the elderly, they could even act as a source for learning and teaching. They could even be part of security alerting you to possible fires that you are in threat of, or fending off crime
• Their function is almost limitless – as the machines will be able to do everything (but just better) essentially their use, pretty much doesn't have any boundaries. They will make fewer mistakes, they are emotionless, they are more efficient, they are basically giving us more free time to do.
VI. DISADVANTAGES OF AI
• Over reliance on AI – as you may have seen in many films such as The Matrix, Robot or even kids films such as WALL.E, if we rely on machines to do almost everything for us we have become so dependent, that if they were to simply shut down (or even decide they want to give up this working gig) they have the potential to ruin our economy and effectively our lives. Although the films are essentially just fiction, they still present a real possibility if we become too heavily dependent on machines. It wouldn't be too smart on our part not to have some sort of backup plan to potential issues that could arise, if the machines 'got real smart'.
• Human Feel – as they are machines they obviously can't provide you with that 'human touch and quality', the feeling of a togetherness and emotional understanding, that machines will lack the ability to sympathize and empathize with your situations, and may act irrationally as a consequence.
• Inferior – as machines will be able to perform almost every task better than us in practically all respects, they will take up many of our jobs, which will then result in masses of people who are then jobless and as a result feel essentially useless. This could then lead us to issues of mental illness and obesity problems etc.
• Misuse – there is no doubt that this level of technology in the wrong hands can cause mass destruction, where robot armies could be formed, or they could perhaps malfunction or be corrupted which then we could be facing a similar scene to that of terminator.
• Ethically Wrong – People say that the gift of intuition and intelligence was God's gift to mankind, and so to replicate that would be then to kind of 'play God'. Therefore not right to even attempt to clone our intelligence [6].
VII. TERMS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• AI: AI refers to the field of artificial intelligence in a broad sense.
• Algorithm: You might have come across this word if you have been into programming. It refers to a set of instructions that get a task done. In artificial intelligence, algorithm tells the machines how to figure out answers to different issues or questions (Genetic algorithm).
• Analogical Reasoning: The term analogical generally refers to non-digital data but when it comes to the field of AI, analogical reasoning is the process where people draw conclusions based on past results. Maps and diagrams are drawn based on past data and analogical reasoning is applied to forecast the results of any process or experiment.
• ANN: Artificial Neuron Networks: ANN forms the backbone of many experiments in the extreme of the field of reasoning. Systems that cannot solve complex problems are modified to contain artificial neuron networks in a fashion that they can think of themselves and solve complex problems. The ANN is based on the biological neuron network and probably is the scariest among all terms used in artificial intelligence.
• Backpropagation: Something in the lines of reverse coding. The result is already there but the process to reach the result is figured out by feeding the related processes into a system ready for AI purposes.[7]
VIII. REAL TIME EXAMPLE
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Fig:2 Light
Smart Home Devices
Many smart home devices now include the ability to learn your behavior patterns and help you save money by adjusting the settings on your thermostat or other appliances in an effort to increase convenience and save energy. For example, turning your oven on when you leave work instead of waiting to get home is a very convenient ability. A thermostat that knows when you’re home and adjusts the temperature accordingly can help you save money by not heating the house when you’re out.
Lighting is another place where you might see basic artificial intelligence; by setting defaults and preferences, the lights around your house (both inside and outside) might adjust based on where you are and what you’re doing; dimmer for watching TV, brighter for cooking, and somewhere in the middle for eating, for example. The uses of AI in smart homes are limited only by our imagination[8].
IX. CONCLUSION:
In this we have explained the basics and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and neuron networks (NN) to create the intelligent behavior. Artificial Intelligence is the area of computer science focusing on creating machines that can engage on behaviors that humans consider intelligent. Also a real life experiment is stated to understand the artificial intelligent concept as best and amazing.