During this thesis I am going to be exploring notions and discussing valid elements of technological transformation and expansion, the vast growth in many social media platforms over recent periods and the surrounding impacts/influences that are so easy to absorb in to, and how certain elements surrounding the photographic industry and media have an impact on our self perception, especially in this current era where everything is so well-developed and are continuing progressions through this ever changing, expanding modern society that we all live in and are bringing more life in to.
We live in a world that is purely obsessed with perfect features, certain hair styles and make up looks, general appearance and of course body figure and weight. I want to take this back to the beginning and start from a key stage in photography where it all began and the wide spread availability of photography started to change our lives, before it gradually took over and became what it is today – a dominant medium impacting everyday life for each individual in current-day society.
‘…With vision and imagination in the mind of the operator, the most exquisite results can be obtained with detail that no other medium can record with such precision.’ (Adams 1948:11). Photography is an incredible invention going way back in to the 1600’s where the camera obscure was invented by Johann Zahn in 1685. Camera Obscura comes from Latin terms, defined as ‘darkened room’. All photographic devices have the basic elements, a box with an aperture to control the lighting, that may or may not be fitted with a lens and focal point. Over many, many decades photography has since revolutionised drastically and has became a super powerful medium, revealing expression and communication through photographs, creating limitless diversity of interpretation and perception through the eyes of the viewers.
Sir John Herschel a scientist and astronomer invented the main term ‘photography’, and too coined the use of the terms positive, negative to refer to photographic images, In 1860 John Herschel also invented the phrase ‘Snapshot’. A snapshot is defined to be an informal, quick photograph that can easily be captured on a handheld camera by anyone. Snapshots content usually consists of family photographs,capturing events such as weddings, birthdays, also the christmas period or holidays etc. The nature of a snapshot mostly contains the use of harsh flash, blurring, tilted horizons, cropping, shadows and distant subjects, majority of photographs that are taken each year by others than the professionals are classed as snapshots.
Snapshots do however have positive transitions, they capture the beginnings of early life infancy to childhood to adolescence and early adulthood, also married life, parent hood, the later years and images of the end of ones life.
The practice of snapshot photography vastly changed the way the world was perceived, through his Kodak enterprise George Eastman invented the affordable Kodak no.1 camera in 1888. The Kodak No.1 was a roll film camera that was introduced in to mainstream life and was accessible to ordinary people other than just photographers and serious amateurs, creating high global success and rise in not only profits but photographers across the world. Through such rise in the consumer market the convention of snapshot photography was in full swing throughout many family households and continued to grow, the ‘snapshot culture’ has had a drastic impact on the twentieth century and our perception of photography, this has since widely revolutionised in to the perception of our selves through photography.
It wasn’t until 1900 when the first development of the renowned BROWNIE film camera was introduced, it sold for as little as 1 dollar per camera and each roll of film was sold for 15 cents. It was not until the first BROWNIE came about that for the first time the idea of photography as a hobby and becoming a part of our lives was finally making its way by becoming more financially available to everyone.
The inception of photography and its platforms engendered a world that is in this current day and age obsessed with visuals and their documentation, whether it be of your dinner, out at a club, your dog or a selfie. The widespread availability of creating photos is enormous, for some it is as necessary as breathing, this occurs living in a society that takes and views photographs on a daily basis. Photography is a medium that has penetrated every aspect of our lives, some younger generations have been brought in to this world not knowing anything different and haven’t ever known a life without technology, It has been a fundamental part of their existence and it is all around us vastly expanding and moving forward in surreal dimensions.
Furthermore as humans we really are obsessed with the fast moving pace of technological changes especially even more so over current years, there are many pressures all around us through many different media and advertising platforms, such as; reproduced copies of
magazines and newspapers which are daily, weekly, monthly changing medias and are all full with advertisements and flyers, like to own the latest gadgets which has been a big thing, the changes are so minor but we feel like we need it, although it is hard to keep up
with technology while it is moving so quickly and developing in to extremely expensive items, possession we now a days would find it hard to live a day with out.
Social media sites are something that are in full swing of our lives, these variable social platforms are definitely one of the biggest impacts in our lives for people who are connected via social media sites, such as: Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, Blogs, Youtube etc. Social media is a way to post your feelings/emotions, daily video blogs, selfies as well as a way to document every aspect of your life, your family members, your pets, your daily routine and also your home and things you own.
Photography is all around us impacting and influencing each person differently, not only is photography about creating personal work and projects, photography is a medium that effects us in different ways, emotionally and inspirationally perhaps psychologically in some senses, there are hidden messages in photographs especially advertisements they are carefully constructed with manipulations, we are naive to believe everything that we see in this modern society, everything is revised and altered to meet the standards of ‘perfection’ that society has developed and idealised.
Photography is an unclassifiable medium that documents and reproduces similar imagery of everything within the world by millions of different people daily around the globe. Taking a photo can range from anything such as the small details in our individual lives, to important moments; Loved ones, mile stones and life events.These photos are sometimes shared with the world or are kept somewhere safe and memorable like in a photo album or even stored on our mobile phone photo album.
It is in our nature as humans to hold on to things and photographs are something that we all accumulate and are always photographing and print screening to our gallery on our mobiles. Images such as inspirational picture quotes and celebrity inspirations are among images that are print screened, and flood many social medias especially photo sharing apps such as ‘Instagram’.
I feel that they do actually have an impact on people even the text quote images – which can actually be a good thing, you can find yourself some days flicking through social media on a bad day and coming across an inspirational quote in a photo form and it can be really uplifting and compelling and can be an interesting sentence to you that has captured your attention and begins to get you thinking and really inspires you, some quotes are from famous icons therefore we really respect these quotes they are originals, they hold authority and a sense of sincerity.
Not all quotes have the same effect I feel that some can have a negative impact, you can keep going back to that same quote because you saved it on your mobile phone from social media and the message starts to change and your opinion changes towards what it says, some start to form you and what you think you should live by and others can alter the way you think and perceive things.
‘The biggest mistake I made is the one that most of us make while doing this, I did not live in the moment enough, this is particularly clear now that the moment is gone, captured only in photographs.’This quote to me is quite sad but truthful, it is a brutal sentence that can make you judge certain times and things that have happened in your life. There are other quotes, pictures with text, or short video clips that can make you judge your self perception, images such as the perfectly groomed eyebrows, makeup goals, images of girls with super long, thick hair, and body images of the ‘perfect curves’.
Fig. 1. (2016) Fig. 2. (2016)
These images are print screens from Instagram using popular hashtags to determine what is the latest beauty crazes, for example Fig. 1. I searched makeup and I was bombarded with similar imagery of ‘contouring’, a makeup technique that is the latest, ultimate craze to create flawless, chizzeled facial shape and features a technique used by Kim Kardashian. People are even going to the extreme to use makeup to contour their chests so their breasts look bigger, females in todays society are feeling the pressure to look like the manipulated images we see all across the media and to look like the celebrities who have had surgery to enhance and change their bodies in several different ways that have became popular. We are feeling pressure more than ever to live up to what we see in the glossy magazines, Celebrities are always scrutinised in magazines for being caught off guard, having cellulite, putting on a few extra pounds, why as females are we made to feel so bad about our changing appearances, the media is trying to form what is right and deciding what you will be picked on for.
See Fig. 2. other top posts on social media include the perfectly shaped arched eyebrows that are idealised as ‘the perfect brows’ under the hashtag #eyebrowsonpoint flood in thousands of extremely, scarily similar images, the craze to have eyebrows sharp enough to kill is extreme, there are more and more pressures for woman to either wax, thread or even tattoo their eyebrows. Other popular trending searches on Instagram include #eyebrowgame with a staggering 94,147 posts!
Beauty trends and products have always been somewhat sexist and oppressive, to some it is unhealthy to obsess over changing the way you look and obsessing over the products that assist you in doing this.
A product that really hit off was the ‘Fullips’ Natural Lip Enhancer, which is a suction cup available in different sizes and shapes to suit your lips and there natural size.
To have big, pouty lips has become the ultimate craze in women all over the world, whether it works or not it is something within the beauty industry that has spiralled out of control. Since Fullips made its presence in 2014, and people saw the theory behind the Fullips products and how the suction cup worked, young women and girls have been going to extreme lengths to create maximised lips, there are home videos and photographs that have surfaced all over the internet of people recreating the Fullips product with their own D.I.Y products, such as; lids from bottles, small glass jars, bottles etc. to create suction and bring the blood to the lips Surface creating the so badly desired big lips. People are going to extreme measures, and using almost anything they can get their hands on to increase the measurement of their lips. Celebrities like Kylie Jenner are supporters of the Fullips product, Kylie Jenner herself for a period of time claimed that this is what she uses herself to create the ultimate big lips that everyone desires, which later after the craze had died down she confessed to have actually having lip surgery which in interviews and online posts she claimed her lips were through natural products with results everyone could achieve.
Not only is this misleading but it is also deceitful to people, especially young girls who look up to the young woman herself only 18. Kylie Jenner is a figure that girls aspire to be like and look like. How is it okay for celebrities to be able to give out false, inaccurate information about products that they have clearly not used. ‘The youngest Jenner’s infamous pout is seeing teen girls demanding lip injections and more, the surgeons of Botched have revealed’ (White, 2016) From this other products too surfaced, like a lip plumping lip gloss that supposedly enlarged your lips, Kylie Jenner also claimed this was also a product that she used to achieve her much larger lips in comparison to what they did look like.
Fig. 3. (2015)
Photo above (Fig. 3.) is displaying the aftermath of disfigured, burst blood vessels caused by the ‘Kylie Jenner lip challenge’ that blew across social media in 2015 Everyone jumped on the band wagon to cause unnecessary pressure to their lips to end up with results like the girl on the left of Fig. 3. beauty is out of control it is like an unattainable curse throughout the world, predominately effecting females and their self perception of what we should look like, how certain features should be and what are bodies should look like.
Fig. 4. (2015)
Also through celebrities and their product promoting techniques a body adjustment item has been the most current craze to own, this item being a waist trainer. A waist trainer is a body adjustment corset that tightens and is supposed to gradually shape, tone and change the appearance of your figure focusing on your core area, hips and waist, the item is meant to pull your waist in creating a more toned hour glass figure. With such items arising it is a strong pressure to lose weight/ tone up to get the perfect desired ‘hour glass’ figure that we see celebrities desperately working for.
It is a popular, daily occurrence to see celebrities posting selfies wearing waist trainers, some promote the ideology of wearing them for 8 hours a day or sleeping in them to see full potential changes. There are many pages on social media such as; ’waistedUK’ that distribute waist trainers – the likes of the Kardashian sisters, Blac Chyna and Amber Rose are among some celebrities that are keen wearers of the waist trainer and post this throughout their social media accounts with themselves wearing the item.
Fig. 5. (2015)
Celebrities are dominating social media and are definitely a prime focus, they are our influences, whether we like to look at their photos of materialistic items and indulge in their private lives, some also see certain celebrities as beauty and figure inspiration, especially younger generations today as technology is more advanced and available, the generations are much more a head and aware of technology and social platforms.
Many celebrities through social media use their accounts to promote their business – also through their business media pages promoting themselves and products.
Instagram the photo-sharing and video-sharing app is a way to follow celebrities daily lifestyles and to get noticed by commenting or liking your favourite celebs photos.
Instagram is very popular for models, fitness inspirations and people involved in the fashion industry, many of these people in the public eye such as; Lucy Mecklenburgh, Kelly Brook, Katie Price, Millie Mackintosh including many other celebs who use Instagram, also use it as a way to promote products for other businesses such as ‘Protein World’ which is a popular one, social media is a wide spread network throughout the world especially when you are in the public eye, we are constantly following celebrities and their lifestyles on social media and aspire to this ‘perfect’ life.
Social media is a very powerful way to get attention it is a way to voice your opinion and everyone you are connected with via social platforms can hear you.
Youtube is a very popular video-sharing website that has been prominent for years, it is a way of not only sharing new ways to create, consume and share music but a way to provide the audience with humorous video clips, pranks and stunts. On the other hand, from Youtube has stemmed the television programme RudeTube which documents the craziest, funniest videos with the highest view percentage, also from Youtube you can convert url links to download music for free using a Youtube converter website. Through social media platforms a lot can stem off in different directions creating more media publicity and enjoyment. Something over the last almost ten years that has really came to light are people becoming virtually ‘famous’, ‘youtube famous’ by creating daily video blogs and also videos such as monthly favourite products, beauty products, clothing hauls, daily make up tutorials, top five best makeup brands and so on. The likes of Tanya Burr, Zoella and Jordan Bone are a few youtube profiles to name, that are not only inspirational – especially for females lacking confidence and self esteem in this world obsessed with appearance, but also videos promoting products and talking about their daily life, such as gym, meal plans, daily routines etc. Watching these videos online of other peoples daily video blogs of their lives you do feel a sense of envy and judgement of your own life, everything can appear so perfect which is something that the world is very good at faking through social media.
‘It is our instinct to blame the media for our poor perceptions of reality and the ways in which we compare ourselves to idealistic standards. ..However, we are now our own worst enemies because of the way we’ve distorted and manipulated our social media presentations’. This is very true and this statement cleverly turns it around on ourselves, some of us are very much so absorbed in to this world of portraying ourselves online to compete with the airbrushed, super toned models and their lifestyle that appears to be so flawless and it is what you crave. In comparison with your own ordinary, main stream life you not only feed off of viewing peoples lives and how perfect they are, and what they have, but you compare your self and feel utterly boring and ugly in comparison. “I get a lot of people saying they hate themselves in pictures until they have a shoot with me, no matter how stunning they are”, says Photographer Courtney Hacche of Hazed Visuals.
People will only post what they are willing to let people see, this will always be a carefully selected image that has the best composition, lighting and filter.
Moreover a cutting edge television programme that was recently aired on channel four; ‘Rich Kids Of Instagram’, this programme gave an inside look of the everyday jet set life for a young and incredibly fortunate individual with a celebrity lifestyle and an obsession with displaying this to social media. It follows young and rich individuals from Kazakstan to California and shows us an eye opening sector of their ultra luxury lifestyles and a fraction of their backgrounds and how they came to live such a lavish life, many through parents have been luckily given this lease of life others are involved in the fashion industry. Some with thousands if not millions of followers are what we today are looking up to and aspiring to be like. ‘I didn’t really have that many followers when I first stated, it became addictive and I kept posting photos of my life’ (Rich Kids Of Instagram: Series 1, Episode 1, 2015) Social media is consumed by the mass, it can become an obsession widespread throughout the world that you adopt in to, especially if you have an opulent lifestyle, receiving population and attention creates a feeling of acceptance in todays society, this is what the capitalist system strives off.
Social media is a way for celebrities and public figures to use their followers and fan bases to get individuals on the band wagon with certain products, the same goes for appearance and what makeup to use, what clothes shops to buy from, people who are in the public eye rule social media they are creating consumerism as a platform for businesses to be heard, also a way to connect with companies as they are contacted to review items to the public through social media.
Where as on Facebook we get adverts and pop ups on the side of the page – very cleverly done so, as the items of clothing, or that designer bag you have been looking at online appears on the adverts, Instagram still does not have any advertisements. Celebrities and companies have taken it in to their own hands to generate money, celebrities are used as a way to advertise products from certain businesses and receive commission for doing so. However as followers and supporters around the world we are naive to to be so absorbed
in these commissions that celebrities are part of, we feel we need to have these items that they are promoting, when have not necessarily even tried the items.
Items include ways to enhance beauty, when in fact I think we should support natural beauty and to love who we are instead of trying to alter and change what we already have, social media and the celebrity impact plays a big role in self perception and trying to change yourself to either be like the celebrity you aspire to be or to follow in their footsteps.
CELEB ICON IMPACT
The 1920s was a period of growth and sustained economic wealth and cultural diversity. The ‘20s saw a major change in lifestyle and culture, the wide use of cars became current in this era, as well as electricity, radio, telephones, motion photographs and a significant rise in consumer demands. Known in the western world as the ‘Roaring Twenties’, this decade produced musicians, writers and artists, however the media was strongly fixated on the lives lived by the rich and famous celebrities, especially movie stars and sport icons.
Radio started off by bringing people together, by 1929 millions of households were listening to the news and being fuelled by advertisements and entertainment via the radio. Movies were alluring us with glamour and sex appeal. Screen goddesses from the 1920s mass culture golden age include; Greta Garbo, Ava Gardner and Marilyn Monroe.
More than 50 years after her death Marilyn Monroe is still a highly influential figure in todays society, she became the personification that held the quality of being powerfully attractive, extraordinary and intelligent all in one. Starting out as a model Marilyn Monroe was also part of several films in Hollywoods 1920s golden age, by the 1950s she was one of the most bankable Holly wood stars holding lead roles in three films focusing on sex appeal. Famous commercial and fashion photographer Bert Stern, captured the last photographs of Marilyn Monroe just weeks before her death in 1962, images including contact sheets, and carefully selected images that didn’t make the cut. The portrait images are beautiful and playful, Monroe flaunting her dress, showing her affectionate, final images also including nudity displaying Monroe’s body image, that is today renowned as true beauty and real womanly curves. In todays society
PRESSURES
More precisely the main pressure in society demonstrated through social media platforms is to be ‘perfect’. We live in a 21st century world that is obsessed with the ‘perfect’ body and image. We are constantly receiving image-related messages from different mediums through technology related ways, indicating what society views as ‘beautiful’. It is not surprising then, that instead of embracing and celebrating diversity in all body types, we end up focusing on what can be dangerous and often physically unattainable perfection. The other reality is that these ‘perfect’ images to which too many aspire are typically digitally enhanced (airbrushed) and manipulated before final production. They are not true or real images.
BEAUTY IDEALISATION/FETISH
Furthermore the endlessly expanding digital age has brought with it many brilliant advantages, such as; career paths and opportunities in many different fields, advanced technical programmes, such as; photoshop and video editing softwares that allow you to edit, create and change, you can render just about anything you like if you know how to. This gives you the power to adapt a photo/video and what and how the audience view it. Digital growth has in many aspects transformed people’s lives, in this current day we have mobile data and wifi, with these components we can face time or Skype on our mobile phones that have too drastically improved. These kind of apps keep everyone connected around the world which is an excellent invention. Televisions and radios too have become far more contemporary but it feels like advertising is taking them over, adverts feel like they are getting longer and more time elapsed waiting for the adverts to end, however television components such as sky have cleverly gained the option to fast forward all of the advertisements we do not want to see or here. Adverts and consumerism is all around our day to day lives creeping up on social media and becoming something we are bombarded with.
‘Since middle-class women have been sequestered from the world, isolated from one another, and their heritage submerged with each generation, they are more dependent than men are on the cultural models on offer, and more likely to be imprinted by them’. (Wolf, 2015:30) From Wolfs statement she is suggesting that women are more so influenced and immersed into beauty idealisation and models than men, she then goes on to state, ‘Given few role models in the world, women seek them on the screen and glossy page’. (Wolf, 2015:30) Woman take far more knowledgeability to models and what is redeemed acceptable within the beauty and fashion industry, this tends to become something that is widely obsessed over with a woman. It is not necessarily the state of a weak woman, women act strongly to what is being exposed to them.
Objectification of women
SELFIES
Something that is the current big thing is the ‘selfie’ – ‘A photograph taken of yourself using a smartphone or similar device’.
People shape their self-concepts based on their understanding of how others are perceiving them via their selfies posting for all to view. We form our self-image as the reflections of the response people around give us. Smartphones and tablets are always bringing out new and improved models, a front facing camera is a must have, and the quality of phone cameras is increasing drastically. Some smartphones even have two front facing cameras to capture the perfect angle and lighting.
many of us have heaps of old snapshots and film negatives, from generations back I have old polaroid images, family photo albums and boxes of disposable camera photos, as well as video tapes from the family cam corder – which is great, its all memories and treasures, the development in todays technology and the quality is superb, scarily it is only getting more advanced, it is almost unreal and running away with us in some senses, we can not seem to keep up, with television adverts, pop up ads on your laptop etc. the pressure is all around us, especially on bus stop billboards walking down the street, your favourite magazine or newspaper the pressure to keep up is real. You need that new iPhone with the latest camera, newest apps and fastest internet, you need to keep up with the celebrities, digital expansion has also created a world filled with insecurities – one of which is a detrimental change in society’s perception of beauty and what is classed as ‘acceptable’.
The vast majority of us are now active on a multitude of social networks, whether you use them to catch up with old friends, to post photos of your daily encounters, or to stay up-to-date on news around the globe. However for celebrities there is a whole lot more that goes in to forming their social media platforms, such as thought in what they post, who is their audience, they have a lot to think about what they are posting and why. Celebrities are a
step up from main stream life they are more of a focus and have our attention at their interest, this gives them a much broader impact and recognition to their social audience, whether it be for something rewarding or their decisions judged that have been judged by normal people and sometimes the media.
Celebrities do face a hard battle with internet trolls, strongly because they are so in the lime light, they are leading figures throughout social media, but are leading some in to a spiral obsessed with weight loss and appearance. Celebrities and the advance of technology have brought adverts, products and consumerism as well as self insecurities and judgement of ones self perception in to a storm that will not be blowing over any time soon, it has only just started over recent years and greatly continues as technology and social media platforms develop.
Celebrities are a strong focus in our everyday lives and modern society, they are all around us greatly dominating the media with every aspect of their lives, good and bad stories exploited in many newspapers and magazines.
Celebrities are icons to many and public figures around the world, being used for advertising purposes on television adverts, billboards, posters, modelling etc. But should we be looking up to these people? Are they really success figures? Is it expectable for children to be imitating the attitudes and behaviour of the likes of Katie Price and trying to style themselves and apply make up to look like Rihanna?
Obesity is a huge issue in todays society and causes adverse health complications and can cause serious long term illnesses to the human body. Obesity occurs through a poor diet and minimal exercise, fat consumed gradually accumulates through out the body and stores in different areas of the body sitting on top of vital organs and suffocating the blood flow through the body. Obesity is an accelerating problem especially in this society and age we live in with high sugar, high fat diets with little if not any physical activity at all. In particular obesity is occurring in ages much younger, and children growing up in this world are a cause for concern with the different varied lifestyles we see around us. Social media definitely plays a big part of our self value and how we treat our bodies, ‘The end of the war saw technology starting to replace physical effort in both work and leisure.
The TV arrived along with cars in big numbers. We stopped walking and cycling to work in large numbers…’ (Highfield, 2007). From this period lifestyles have transformed for many individuals when electronic devices became more accessible and affordable in the modern era.
Many households contain more than one television, gaming consoles, computers/tablets and many more of the latest general household gadgets that we all use, there is now distractions and reasons not to go out, and instead to stay in and sit on your sofa for the evening. We all now the addiction social media and television holds over us and this has taken its toll on our health, we are all so absorbed in the world of technology and these changes have also made us as humans less active. The choice to stay in and watch a movie and sit on our laptops has become more acceptable and a normal attitude, people are more so connected via social platforms than actually connecting with each other in person compared to when technology and mobile phones was so advanced like it is today.
The media are at most held responsible for the downfall in peoples health and higher growth in eating disorders, through social media we are exposed to diet plans, the perfect slender body and pressure to be like the models we see all across various medias. There are many sites and blogs that promote being ultra thin and super skinny, it is scary to think we all are exposed to something so scary and dangerous that can ruin our health and well being, young girls and even guys can be some what naive and easily fall in to such horrifying state of minds at such young ages to think this is ‘normal’ behaviour. ‘Facebook and Instagram fuelled my anorexia’ (Waterlow, 2015) Social media sites are recently being held responsible for deterioration in peoples health, well being and physical appearance.
Social media sites have a way of trending popular topics around the world for everyone to be apart of, the way they do this is through hash tagging popular words or phrases. Hashtags are used on social media websites as a way to identify messages on a specific topic, you see thousands of posts using phrases such as: “#thinspo,” “#fitspo,” “#thighgap,” and “#foodporn”. These mottos have all become a part of our everyday vernacular, especially on social media and search engines. Hashtags are used as an easy way to find messages and photos that you are looking for with a specific theme or content.
Photography does have an effect on photography
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Figure 5.