1.a) There is a tremendous synergy between the Zipcars business and the IT strategy. Zipcar relies heavily on automated processes, and supports its clients’ social networks, so they can freely provide feedback about the company and its products and services. IT fully supports what Zipcar wants to achieve and all steps in the process such as booking a rental, all agreements, payments, pickups and drop out etc, are all done with the help of IT.
For example, all Zipcar members make reservations via the internet. It makes car booking options very flexible and convenient. An innovation from Zipcard, which allows customers to order cars online and unlock their cars when they arrive at the car location.
b) Zipcar’s business model is car sharing business. Car sharing business is a car rental model where people rent a car for a short time, often by the hour. Car sharing is part of a greater trend of shared mobility.
ZIPCAR PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
- Industry Rivalry (LOW) : The model that Zipcar makes is quite unique and difficult for competitors to imitate because Zipcar uses a lot of technology.
- Threat of Substitutes (LOW) : Whereas traditional car rental companies have different types of infrastructure and setups so they can’t replicate the Zipcar strategy overnight.
- Bargaining Buyers Power (LOW) : In Zipcar’s case there are no or very few additional fees and other car rental companies have a lot of extra fees.
- Threat of New Entrants (MEDIUM) : Customers need to consider the conveniences they get with Zipcar such as the ability to rent a car for a few hours from their preferred location (such as the city center) and no queues and no time to waste on it.
- Bargaining Suppliers Power (LOW) : Since Zipcar does not rely on proprietary goods, they don’t need to see supplier power as a problem.
If the Zipcar’s business model is implemented in Indonesia, I think there will be many problems because the technology from Indonesia is inadequate.
For example, changing car keys into a more practical car card, but Indonesia can buy the same technology as zipcard by purchasing the technology from other countries, for example from US.
Sources :
https://www.caseprofessors.com/zipcar-refining-the-business-model-1010.html
c) Zipcar faces an even bigger challenge because it is impossible for Zipcar to maintain its vehicle after every service and does not always clean the car after use. The number of users will decrease as the situation is worse for ride-sharing services as the journey may involve more passengers and multiple users for one car. Thus, lowering the total revenue for Zipcar.
Since the start of the pandemic, various approaches have been taken by car sharing companies:
- Limit the number of passengers per car: most companies have reduced the number of passengers, following WHO recommendations or actions taken by the government.
For example, Zipcar allows users to share trips only with passengers. - Better cleaning: small and effective measures can prevent the spread of infection: intensify means or provide individual disinfectant wipes. In the latter case, the vehicle owner or manager can leave wet wipes in the car for the passenger to use to disinfect certain parts of the vehicle.
For example, Zipcar has multiplied the task. Finally, the use of gloves and masks to protect other passengers, as well as the use of hydroalcoholic gel for hands are procedures that apply to every passenger. - Make regular trips every day, share services with the same people through social networking networks so that the risks are controlled.
Sources :
https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/covid-19-impact-on-ride-sharing-market-exclusive-report-by-marketsandmarkets-tm–825865349.html
2.a) Industry Rivalry (LOW): The industry in which Adira Insurance grows every year and is expected to continue to grow over the next few years. Positive Industry growth means that competitors are less likely to engage in complete action because they do not need to grab each other’s market share.
Fixed costs are high in the industries in which Adira Insurance operates. This has led companies in the industry to push to full capacity. It also means these firms lower their prices when demand slows down.
- Threat of Substitutes (LOW) : Very few are available that are high quality but much more expensive. Comparatively, companies producing in the industry where Adira Insurance sells are at a lower price, with sufficient quality. This means that buyers are less likely to turn into products.
- Bargaining Buyers Power (LOW): Product differentiation in this industry is high, which means buyers cannot find alternative companies that produce certain products.
- The income of buyers in this industry is low. This means that there is pressure to buy cheaply so that buyers are more price sensitive.
Threat of New Entrants (LOW) : Capital requirements in this industry are high, making it difficult for newcomers to set up a business because of the high expenditure that has to be spent. Capital expenditures are also high due to high Research and Development costs. - Bargaining Suppliers Power (LOW) : Suppliers don’t pose an untrusted threat to future integration into the industries in which Adira Insurance may operate.
The industry in which Adira Insurancee works is an important customer to its suppliers. This means that industry profits are closely related to suppliers. Therefore, these suppliers must provide fair prices. industry.
Adira Insurance’ rival : Sequis Life, BCA Insurance, Allianz, Prudential, AXA Mandiri, Manulife, Panin Dai-Ichi, AIA Financial, and Sinarmas MSIG
b) – Insurance companies can proactively reach existing customers through continuous digital campaigns and make them aware of the COVID-19 crisis so that it does not spread further.
Customers don’t usually use mobile apps designed by insurance companies because the relationship is transactional. Companies can design campaigns about COVID-19 and provide their customers with relevant information to maintain contact and reach.
- The regulator has set several provisions regarding the accuracy of claim settlement related to COVID-19.
Insurers must comply with these regulations and also ensure that the entire chain – from hospitals and carers to third party administrators (TPA) and call centers acts fairly and swiftly on claims related to COVID-19. Claims related to COVID-19 denials must also be properly reviewed to avoid customer complaints. - Life insurance companies also have the opportunity to present innovative riders / add-ons based on a single condition on the basic policy taken by the customer.
The customer may find such a rider useful at this point and consider buying one. Insurers can approach regulators and seek swift approval for additions to relevant products using the regulatory sandbox concept. - Companies are looking for new ways to continue their operations amid the COVID-19 crisis.
A large number of insurance company employees working remotely will pave the way to explore how the company works in the new normal, redefine their real estate strategy and decide how the team will work in the future. This can speed up all transactions and potentially reduce costs. - General and health insurance companies have long wanted stronger connections and control over provider networks garages for auto insurance and hospitals for health insurance.
- The current situation is ideal for insurance companies to shift to an integrated service offering, with central accounting and auto parts scheduling via a blockchain network between garages, manufacturers and insurance companies.
Spare parts that are not used in certain locations can be redistributed and customers will get faster service. This will benefit more from digitization efforts and benefit insurance companies in the future. - Similarly, for all health insurance requirements, direct integration between hospital billing and diagnostics systems with insurance companies and TPA is the way forward.
It is an ideal time for such a change when acceptance of the health care ecosystem will peak as contactless transactions become the norm.
Sources :
https://www.financialexpress.com/money/the-growing-importance-of-insurance-in-covid-19-times/2052915/
https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/implications-of-covid-19-for-insurers.html
3.
4a) Business-to-Consumer (B2C) is a to the process of selling products and services directly between a business and consumers who are the end-users of its products or services.
Because Koala directly sells its goods or the products right to the consumers.
Source :
https://medium.com/softwareseni/5-model-bisnis-ecommerce-b2b-b2c-c2c-c2b-b2g-untuk-dicoba-di-2019-42b4df61e86d
b) Social media and advertising are two components that are used together to target potential clients on social media platforms, such as Facebook. With the increased brand visibility that comes with advertising on social media, more prospects will visit your website, and the chance of conversion will also increase. With a well-articulated media advertising plan, a company can increase its sales and profits.
For example, Koala uses Facebook as their advertising platform so they can get more views from Facebook’s users.
Source :
c) Step 1: When you purchase a Koala matress, for example, your credit card information and purchase amount are encrypted in your browser. This way the information will be safe while “traveling” on the Internet to Koala.
Step 2: When your information reaches Koala, it is not opened. Instead, it is transferred automatically (in encrypted form) to the clearinghouse, where it is decrypted for verification and authorization.
Step 3: The clearinghouse asks the bank that issued your credit card (the card issuing bank) to verify your credit card information.
Step 4: Your card issuing bank verifies your credit card information and reports it to the clearinghouse.
Step 5: Clearinghouse reports the results of your credit card verification to Koala.
Step 6: Koala reports successful purchases and quantities to you.
Step 7: Your card-issuing bank transfers the purchase amount to KOala’s bank.
Step 8: Your card-issuing bank notifies you of the debit on your credit card.
Step 9: The Amazon Bank notifies Koala of the funds credited to its account.
Source :
PPT Binus Maya – Information Systems Concept – Ebusiness and Ecommerce
d) Intellectual property : The creations of the mind, such as creations; literary and artistic works; design; and symbols, names and images used in commerce.
Copyright : Copyright can give the owner exclusive rights to the original work. The work receives protection, not its concept or idea.
For example, painting with watercolors is not protected. However, Frank Webb’s interpretation on the canvas has copyright protection.
Trademark : A trademark is any type of phrase, wording, color scheme, custom design or symbol that distinguishes a business or brand from competitors in the marketplace. Trademarks must be uniquely identifiable such as the PGA Golf logo or the McDonald’s logo.
Patents : A patent gives a person or business the property and protection of their invention. With patents, they can improve their products and have a competitive advantage.
They also have exclusive rights and can control who cannot sell, make, use, or distribute their products. An example is a pharmaceutical company making a new drug they do not want other businesses to copy.
The example of the violation of Intellectual Property Rights in e-commerce:
Novely Textile, a fabric designer filed a lawsuit against White Mark Universal Inc., Walmart and Does 1-10, citing alleged copyright infringement and violating of the Copyright Act. The plaintiff claimed ownership of an exclusive two-dimensional floral artwork on textile printing which was infringed upon the defendants. The plaintiff accused the defendants of manucfacturing and supplying textiles having designs identical, or substantially similar, to plaintiff’s copyrighted works without authorization which has caused confusion, unfair competition and damages to the plaintiff.
Source :
https://scarincihollenbeck.com/law-firm-insights/types-of-intellectual-property
https://nlipw.com/u-s-news-novelty-textile-sued-walmart-for-copyright-infringement/
2020-11-15-1605481787