Essay: Healthcare IoT systems (Internet of Things)

ABSTRACT
Internet of Things combines with Radio Frequency Identification which enables wireless use of electromagnetic fields to transfer data, by achieving the purposes of automatically identifying and tracking tags attached to objects.
Healthcare applications in general collect patient information, which can be process, analyzed and wirelessly communicated to a healthcare gateway device which eventually ships the particular information to a head-end server over the cloud. The healthcare industry presents large amount of opportunities to put some of above technologies to use, such as Outpatient monitoring, Clinical care, remote monitoring or Rural Healthcare or Doctor on call.
This paper gives an introduction to healthcare IoT system that can be shows that how the IoT System related to health ,emergency challenges and outlook on possible solutions.
Keywords
IoT, WSN, RSN, RFID.
1. INTRODUCTION
Today, millions of embedded devices are used in safety and security critical applications viz. industrial control systems, modern vehicles, and healthcare. With the fast enhancement of Internet of Things (IoT).There are varieties of applications for IoT . They cover from existing traditional objects to general household objects, which is useful to better human being‟s life. Nowadays, IoT is widely more applicable to social life applications
such as intelligent of transportation, smart security, and smart home. . Internet of Things (IoT) is a large amount of catalyst for the whole healthcare system. IoT plays a important role in a broad range of healthcare applications .
Internet of Things (IoT) is playing a more and more significant role after its showing up, it covers from existing equipment to general household objects such as WSNs(Wireless
Sensor Network) and RFID(Radio Frequency Identification). This paper focuses on the security issues among all challenges .
IoT is categorize into 3 layers:
1. Perception layer
2. Transportation layer
3. Application layer
This paper will analyze the security issues of each layer separately and try to find out other problems and the solutions for these problem.
1.1 PERCEPTION LAYER
Perception layer is about information gathering, equipment perception and object or equipment control. Perception layer is categorized into two parts: perception node like sensors or controllers, etc. perception network and transportation network interact with each other. Perception node is used for data occupying from other system and data control, perception network sends collected data through the equipment of gateway or transfer the control instruction to the controller or any controlling devices. Perception layer technologies include RFID,
WSNs, RSN, GPS, etc
.
1.2 TRANSPORTATION LAYER
This layer provides simple access environment for perception layer, perception of data transmission and storage of data. Transportation layer is categorized into three layers by function: the local area network,core network and access network. It can form by collecting a variety of different heterogeneous networks. This paper analyzes the Transportation layer security issue from the basic structure of transportation layer, and discusses the problems and their solutions by integration of heterogeneous integration.
1.3 APPLICATION LAYER
Above the transportation layer,the application support layer is an advanced layer During the whole process. It can recognize valid data, spam data and malicious data( filter them in time). According to different services Application support layer can be managed in various ways.Usually it consist of service support platform , cloud computing platform , middleware and M2 M.
Fig 1. Basic Concept of IoT Ecosystem
IoT Healthcare solutions remotely monitor patients suffering from various disorders for example dementia, cardiac arrhythmia, diabetes , Alzheimer etc and put life-saving data, such as, patient records test results, CT scans and can be available for medical team, almost anytime as shown in above fig.1. Outpatient monitoring or “doctor on call” applications are bringing newer ways of interaction with patients. For many conditions, healthcare provider office visits are being replaced by home controlling and monitoring, and thanks to wireless networking technologies for that.
2.FROM HEALTHCARE SYSTEM TO INTERNET OF THINGS:-
How It Can Be Worked?
Healthcare applications can be collecting the general patient informattion(including all the details related with health), which is processed, analyzed and wirelessly communicated to a healthcare gateway device which ships the information from head to end server over the cloud.
The healthcare industry shows huge opportunities to put technologies among them to use. Some of the scenarios are stated below
2.1 Monitoring To Outpatient:
This solution helps doctors to capture various advice patients remotely and health parameters. The patient‟s hospital visit will become based on limited and required basic need. This solution helping to managed the beds in hospitals efficiently and improves revenue and also at the same time delighting customers. A controlling device is given to the patient whenever discharge to limited time frame, which helpful to the doctor to continue to observe the patient and suggest corrective actions.
2.2 Clinical Care:
Admitted patients whose physiological status needs close attention can be constantly monitored . This type of solution employs sensors and store the data and send these data wirelessly for analysis and review purpose. It can be changed the process that can have a doctor / health professional come for regular check up to find the patient‟s vital signs, instead of providing a continuous automated flow of the desired or particular information. In this way, it enhance the quality of care throughout the constant / continuous attention and lowers the cost .
2.3 Remote Monitoring / Rural Healthcare / Doctor On Call:
There are many difficulties come whenever the setting up a full-fledged hospital at remote locations. But powerful wireless solutions connected through the IoT are now making it possible for monitoring these patients remotely. These solutions can be used to securely capture patient health data from a variety of sensors, apply complicated algorithms to analyze the data and then share it through wireless network with medical professionals who can suggest appropriate health recommendations. The data collected may also provides a more obstactive approach to healthcare by providing correct information for people to making healthier choices as shown in fig.
Fig 2. Healthcare Provider Value
3.FEATURES OF IOT FOR MANUFACTURING APPLICATIONS
3.1Integrated Networks Of Wsns And Rfids:
One core function of IoT is as the communication infrastructure fordata sharing and acquisition. A manufacturing system consists number of sensors to acquire real-time information of actuators, fixtures, conveyors and machine equipments; traditional wired communications are confined as peer-to-peer or point-to-point , and it is inflexible to make changes. WSN and RFID provide an effective means to support the distribution and decentralization of manufacturing resources.
3.2 Dynamics:
The architecture of IoT is Dynamic(not Static), which allows the system devices be configured anytime when it is necessary. It facilitates the information integration across the boundaries of enterprises. A host enterprise can incorporate with virtual enterprises and establish dynamic relations. The organizations may be dismissed whenever the project is completed and the enterprise can be ready for other projects.
3.3 Cloud Computing:
Operation of a modern system involves decision-making activities, which requires high capability of computing and intensive information. Manufacturing enterprises used to require multiple computing resources as servers as databases and decisionmaking units. This causes the wastes of investment, unbalanced utilization of manufacturing resources, ineffective data sharing among servers and low productivity. Cloud computing provides a vital solution to those problems. As shown in fig 3,all data can be stored in cloud servers, and the superior cloud computing gives the support to confusing decision.
Fig 3. Cloud Computing
3.4 Human and Things:
Interactions happen between human and things. Various operations used to have different mechanisms to support different interactions. At the time when development of IoT will done, all of the operations can be done under the same umbrella. In this way, participators are capable to concentrate on tasks instead of worrying about interactions, which make the designs and operations of manufacturing systems very productive.
4 Conclusion
The emerging IoT infrastructure can support information systems of healthcare effectively. More specifically, anytime, anywhere, anything data acquisition systems are more than appropriate to be applied in sharing and collecting data from several manufacturing resources.
These systems enable health individualization at costs of mass production and new smart services, including health optimization according to patient usage and de-centralized longterm health support.
Today’s healthcare systems are not sufficiently enhanced to full-fill the desired functional requirements for health and life security .IoT brings numerous great opportunities to be modified and advance of healthcare system for achieving better system performances in globalized and distributed environments. However we can be analyzed the features or characteristics of IoT for healthcare application viz, Integrated Networks of RFIDs and WSNs, Dynamics, Cloud Computing, Human and Things.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work has been proposed by the SND COE &RC,YEOLA & student & laboratoary