1. Introduction
Oman is a country on the Arabian Peninsula. Tourism in Oman has grown considerably recently, and it is expected to be one of the largest industries in the nation. Kharusi, N. S. & Salman (2011) says, Oman has one of the most diverse environments in the Middle East with various tourist attractions and is particularly well known for Cultural tourism. Richard I ‘Anson (2012) says, The capital of Oman was named the Second Best City to visit in the world in 2012 by the travel guide publisher Lonely Planet. Muscat also was chosen as the Capital of Arab Tourism of 2012.
1.1 General ideas about A’Dakhiliyah governorate.
A’Dakhiliyah governorate occupies a distinctive location on the western slopes of Al Hajar Mountains (the slopes of Al-Jabal Al-Akhder) towards the desert in the south. It located in the heart of Oman. The number of population was 229,791 people. A’Dakhiliyah governorate has played a significant role in linking the coast to the interior of Oman, as it was the main trade route and the meeting place of caravans for many countries. I become a governorate 28 October 2011. The important place in A’Dakhiliyah was Nizwa fort, Bahla fort it’s the most historical places. Also, Al-Hoota cave it’s one of the largest cave systems in the world. A’Dakhiliyah governorate has 8 city at are: Nizwa, Bidbed, Samail, Izki, Monah, Bahla, Al-Hamra and Adam.
2. Historical Sites
Nearly every Omani city and town has it own fort. Most of them were built or had major expansions during Al-Yarubi dynasty rule of Oman in between 1624 and 1744.
2.1 Nizwa Fort
Nizwa fort is one of the oldest forts in Oman and located in Nizwa from A’Dakhiliyah governorate. It is a large castle in Nizwa. Walker, Jenny (2007) says, It was built in the 1650s by the second Yarubi Imam; Imam Sultan Bin Saif Al Yarubi. The main bulk of the fort took about 12 years to complete and was built above an underground stream.(3) It has unique circular from huge buried soil, and a height 24 meter outer diameter 43 m, internal diameter 39 m. It has seven wells and multiple slots for fighters stationed castle defenders and the city during the old time. Sites inside the prisons where the seat of government and the implementation of sanctions against the perpetrators of waste and crimes of all kinds. Near the fort is the traditional Nizwa market famous for its artifacts.
2.2 Bahla Fort
Bahla fort is one of the oldest and biggest forts in Oman and located in Bahla from A’Dakhiliyah governorate. Is one of four historic fortresses situated at the foot of the Jabal Al-Akhder a highlands in Oman. It was built in the 13th and 14th centuries, when the oasis of Bahla was prosperous under the control of the Banu Nebhan tribe. Since 1987, its name has been included in the World Heritage Sites List. The fort consists of several parts of the most important h towers designed for the purposes of defense and surveillance, and the mountain house built back to 18 or 19 century. The length of its South fa??ade is about 112 m, while its eastern fa??ade is about 114 m. It is evident that Bahla Wall that extends over a distance of 12 km, with its terraces, apertures for opening fire and guards houses had been designed for defense purposes.
3. City in the governorate
A’Dakhiliyah governorate has 8 cities, I will write about some this cities.
3.1 Nizwa
Nizwa is the largest city in the A’Dakhiliyah governorate in Oman. Nizwa is about 140 km from Muscat (1.5hours). It one of the oldest cities in Oman. It’s located in the heart of the A’Dakhiliyah. The population in Nizwa was 58,582 people. Nizwa was the capital of Oman in the ages of the first Islam. Prothero, G. W. (1920) says, historically, Nizwa was known for producing mats from straw. As of 1920, the city was described as having a “thriving” metalworking industry. In addition, historic Fort still proud even today as it spreads out many of the forts and towers ancient mosques. It has a lot of attraction Sites but the most famous sites is Nizwa fort, falaj daris. Nizwa fort it one of the oldest forts in Oman. It was built in 1650 by Imam Sultan Bin Saif Bin Malik Al-Yarubi. Falaj daris is one of the largest falaj in Oman in Nizwa. It helps to irrigate a lot of farms in the state of Nizwa. Is the most popular falajs Dawoodi in Oman, one of the falajs with large flows, and water of high quality. Also, Nizwa is Capital of Islamic Culture in 2015.
3.2 Bahla
Is one of the cities in the A’Dakhiliyah governorate, which is characterized by Bavlajha density and palm trees. Is a mixture of many environmental elements created Omani human conditions for the exercise of their activity. Away from Muscat at about 210 km. Located in west Nizwa city and south in Al-Hamra. The population in Bahla was 46,119 people. It has a lot of attraction Sites but the most famous sites Bahla fort and Jabreen Fort .Bahla fort is a the legend that is famous for Oman and a height of 150 meters above the internal easy for the area where built in 1500 BC. Jabreen fort featured architectural reliefs and motifs that feature utmost precision and beauty, and away from the center of the state about 10 kilometers, and its construction dates back to 1670 AD. Bahla one of the state in A’Dakhiliyah governorate gating roll past and a bright future Nature stunning and authentic heritage made it an important tourist sites in the country. Castles and fortifications towering witness to ancient histories which registered within the UNESCO ‘World Heritage List’.
3.3 Al-Hamra
Is a 400-year-old town in the A’Dakhiliyah governorate, in northeastern Oman. It is home to the mountainside village of Misfat Al Abryeen. The population in Al-Hamra was 14,390 people living in 25 villages. The most famous village is Misfat Al Abryeen. Misfat Al Abryeen. famous for its natural beauty wonderful, where mountain agro stands. It has a lot of attraction Sites but the most famous sites Al-Hoota cave and Jabal shams. Al-Hoota cave is a natural cave great giant widening. Was opened as a tourist destination in the month of December 2006. Jabal shams are the highest peak in Arabian Peninsula, up to a height of 3000 meters above sea level and have a camping center and the migration of Jebel Shams and many small villages when the people live.
3.4 Jabal Al-Akhder
Jabal Al-Akhder is a mountain located in Oman in the state of Nizwa, which is part of the Hajar Mountains, which extends about 300 km (186 mi) northwest to southeast, between 50’100 km (31’62 mi) inland from the Gulf of Oman coast. It is one of Oman’s most spectacular areas. The highest mountain in Oman height of 3000 meters. Jabal Al-Akhder is known for the diversity of agricultural products such as fruit pomegranate, peach, apricot, almonds, walnuts, and roses that cannot grow anywhere else in the Arabian Gulf, except as a result of the Jabal Al-Akhder Weather outstanding. Puddicombe, Stephen (2015) says, In August 2011, Sultan Qaboos designated Jebel Al-Akhder a nature reserve in a bid to conserve its unique yet fragile biodiversity. A decree issued by the Royal Court established the ‘Jebel Al-Akhder Sanctuary for Natural Sceneries. Since 2011, the mountain has featured as the principal climb in the Tour of Oman road bicycle race.
4. Tourist Attractions Sites
A’Dakhiliyah governorate has a lot of attractions stats. Spread by many of the forts, towers and ancient mosques and archaeological sites beautiful tourist. Also, has caves and falajs spread in cities.
4.1 Falaj Daris
Is one of the largest falaj in Oman and lies in Wilayat Nizwa in A’Dakhiliyah governorate. It is a Dawoodi Falaj. Is falajs large flows where it flows up to more than 2000 later / Second and water of high quality. The length of channels was 7990 meters. Has recently included the ‘World Heritage list’ of UNESCO. It helps irrigate a lot of farms in the state of Nizwa It is known that the people of the state of Nizwa keep their Falaj from time immemorial there this Falaj inside a public park established by the Omani government to keep this Falaj and be Falaj place to visit a lot of tourists.
4.2 Al-Hoota Cave
Al-Hoota Cave, a natural cave great breadth and giant is located in Al-Hamra in A’Dakhiliyah governorate of the Sultanate of Oman. The most famous cave in Oman is Al-Hoota cave. It’s located at the foot of Jebel Shams of Al Hamra. It has one of the largest cave systems in the world. The cave extends for a distance of 5 kilometers underground, the distance that can be accessed is 860 meters after which the lake, which extends for a distance of 4 kilometers. Was opened as a tourist destination in the month of December 2006. The cave was named that name relative to the Hoota village which is located within the scope of the cave. The Visiting Hours as follows: Saturday to Thursday: Morning 9-1pm; Afternoon: 2-5.15pm. Friday Morning 9 -12pm; Afternoon: 2-5.15pm. Also, booking in advance is advised. Entrance fee is 5 OMR. (6)
5. Conclusion
In conclusion, Oman is a very beautiful country. To make the tourism industry improves day by day the government should provide the needs of tourists and teach people who to treat with them. Yasmin Khan (2011) says, Oman is being the most attracted countries in the world by the tourists with its mind- blowing tourist attractions. Oman has vast deserts, in which the tourists love to do camping, beautiful beaches for swimming and fishing, forts and castles that represents