1. Non-objective- not representing objects known in physical nature
2. Abstract- thought of apart from concrete realities, specific objects, or actual instances
3. Drawing- a graphic representation by lines of an object or idea, as with a pencil; a delineation of form without reference to color
4. Graphite- a very common mineral, soft native carbon, occurring in black to dark- gray foliated masses, with metallic luster and greasy feel.
5. Pastel- a kind of dried paste made of pigments ground with chalk and compounded with gum water
6. Postimpressionism- a varied development of impressionism by a group of painters chiefly between 1880-1900 stressing formal structure.
7. Intaglio- incised carving, as opposed to carving in relief
8. Lithography- the art or process of producing a picture, writing, or the like, on a flat, specially prepared stone, with some greasy or oily substance, and of taking ink impressions form this as in ordinary printing.
9. Serigraphy- a print made by the silkscreen process
10. Postmodern- extremely modern; cutting- edge
11. Composition (as it relates to Visual Art)- the organization or grouping of the different parts of a work of art so to achieve a unified whole.
12. Line- a mark or stroke long in proportion to its breadth, made with a pen, pencil, tool, etc. on a surface.
13. Abstract Expressionism- a movement in experimental, nonrepresentational painting originating in the U.S in the 1940s, with sources in earlier movements, and embracing many individual styles marked in common by freedom of technique, a preference or dramatically large canvases, and a desire to give spontaneous expressions to the unconscious.
14. Color- the quality of an object or substance with respect to light reflected by the object usually determined visually by measurement of hue saturation, and brightness of the reflected light; saturation or Chroma; hue.
15. Value- relative worth, merit, or importance
16. Palette- a thin and usually oval or oblong board or tablet with a thumbhole at one end, used by painters for holding and mixing colors.
17. Texture- the visual and especially tactile quality of a surface
18. Impasto- the laying on of paint thickly
19. Rhythm (as it relates to Visual Art)- a pattern repetition of a motif, formal element, etc. at regular or irregular intervals in the same or a modified form.
20. Harmony (as it relates to Visual Art)- a consistent, orderly, or pleasing arrangement of parts; congruity.
21. Variation- the act, process, or accident of varying in condition, character, or degree
22.symmetry-the correspondence in size, form and arrangement of parts on opposite sides of a plane, line or point; regularity of form or arrangement in terms of like, reciprocal, or corresponding parts.
23. Focal areas- an area whose dialect has exerted influence on the dialects of surrounding areas, as reflected in a set of isoglosses or less concentrically surrounding it.
24. Perspective- a technique of depicting volumes and spatial relationship on a flat surface.
25. Verisimilitude- the appearance or semblance of truth; likelihood; probability
26. Chiaroscuro- the distribution of light and shade in a picture.
27. Dynamics (as it relates to Visual Art)- the pattern or history of growth, change, and development in any filed.
28. Trompe l’oeil- an art technique that uses realistic imagery to create the optical illusion that the depicted objects exist in three dimensions. Forced perspective is a comparable illusion in architecture.
II. Answer the following questions using 1-2 complete sentences. All the answers can be found in the book.
1. Name AND define the 5 painting media. Oils- present many options for textural manipulation and they are durable. Watercolor- a broad category that includes any color medium that uses water as a thinner. Tempera- an opaque watercolor. It comprises ground pigments and their color binders such as glue or gum. Acrylics- offers artists a wide range of possibilities in both color and technique. Fresco- Uses pigments suspended in water and applied to fresh wet plaster
2. What is the difference between Documentary Photography and “artistic” photography? Why do people argue that Documentary photos are not art? Documentary photograph has been used to document social problems. Artistic photograph can depict anything, and it can be manipulated to change tones or colors. People argue that documentary photos does not have art because its just a picture being taken and there are no color manipulations
3. How do the colors combine to form primary, secondary, and tertiary colors? What colors are involved? What are complimentary colors? Primary colors are colors such as red, blue, and yellow. These colors cannot be created and are considered primary colors other colors such as green orange and purple are considered secondary colors because they are created by mixing primary colors together. Tertiary colors can be created by mixing primary and secondary colors. Complimentary colors when combined in equal quantities can produce gray.
4. How can texture add to the verisimilitude of a picture? Texture can add depths to a picture. Verisimilitude is the semblance of reality. For example if someone was painting they could use textures to add details that would give the picture a more realistic look.
5. Define the ways of achieving focal areas.
There are several ways to achieve focal areas. They can be achieved through confluence of line, by encirclement, or by color.
6. Define the different ways of achieving perspective. Artists use perspective as a tool to indicate spatial relationships of objects in a picture. There are many ways that artists create perspective by creating a spatial relationship between the objects in the foreground and objects in the background. Three ways to achieving perspective are linear perspective which uses line; atmospheric perspective which uses light and atmosphere and shifting perspective which uses the division of the picture into two basic units foreground and background.
III. Answer the following questions using 5-7 complete sentences.
1. With which of the following photographers do you identify most and why: Ansel Adams, Alfred Stieglitz, Thomas Joshua Cooper, James Casebere, and Dorothea Lange. Ansel Adams became one of America’s most famous photographer through his landscape photographs of the American West. He photographed reality of nature and manipulated the focus, light, and texture in his photographs. The diversity and richness of the details as well as the focal areas emphasized the main point in each photograph. I love the fact he used different ways and manipulated texture to bring his photographs to life. He worked hard so others can recognize photography as an art form.
2. How does Jackson Pollock ignore the traditional use of line to create a new style? How does Impressionism do the same? (Go to an Impressionism website online to analyze).
Jackson Pollock ignored the traditional use of line to create a new style by using line to emphasize the length, edge, or spatial area of a picture. Artists such as Pollock use line to control our vision, to create unity and emotional value and ultimately to develop meaning. Impressionism seeks to grasp the psychological perception of reality in color and motion. Impressionism does the same by using different colors to emphasize meaning behind a picture.
3. Go to artcyclopedia.com. Compare and contrast the styles of the Baroque and Neo-Classical Period. The Baroque period arose as a reaction against the Mannerism Period. Baroque art affects more emotionally and has more realistic aspects. It was encouraged by the catholic church as a “return to tradition and spirituality.†It was less complex and was free flowing. The Neo-classical period on the other hand was a reaction to Rococo and Baroque. It was unemotional and rigid. They preferred clear drawing and modeling, no evidence of brush-strokes could be seen to the naked eye. Unlike Baroque clarity of form, sober colors, shallow space and classical subject matter characterize it.
4. Look at “Tribute Money” by Masaccio in the Pictures folder. Do an outline and critical analysis of this work (like on pg. 62). Subject Matter and Medium: Tribute Money by Masaccio depicts Jesus and his disciples, in the background one can see Peter giving money to one of the Tax collector. The painting is a fresco painting, which is a work done on wet-plaster with water-soluble paints. The image becomes a part of the wall surface as opposed to being painted on it. The painting is realistic and the scenery is life-like.
Composition, Line, and Shape: The painting has two distinct areas. An edge blurs between the two.
Color: The color within Tribute Money vary. It is composed of primary, secondary as well as tertiary colors.
Focal Areas: Jesus is the primary focal point. In the painting Peter is another focal point as well as the scenery. The surrounding is an important detail in the painting. The artists ensured there was contrast between their faces and clothes.