1. Why did Villagran rebel against Spanish Authority
Chito Villagran explained the reasons for the rebellion against the Spanish in his letter to “Dr. Diego Rodriguez.”
As Villagran explains the enemy of the rebellion of the Villagran lays out a scenario of proposing that this revolution “were against our legitimate king Lord Don Ferdinand.” Villagran also wants it under consideration if ‘“Lord Pope Alexander had authority over the distribution of the kingdoms purely spiritual according to the Gospel.” Villagran than refers to a set of lines that are created where “what is conquered on one side beings to Spain, and that conquered on the pother side belongs to Portugal.” Another question asked by Villagran is “suppose that it were legitimate for a christian king to despoil of his dominions a gentile king so his vassals could embrace the catholic religion.”. With all these scenarios listed Villagran gets to the main question when he Staes “accoring to what has been said upon what basis rest the censuses fulminated against Señor Hidalgo.”
The next thing that Villagran discusses relates to calling out the church on inconsistencies. As he writes “If the church does not hurl anathemas against against napoleon being a Corsican taking control of the kingdom of france. Nor against Josep who was crowned Spain, nor against the dutch, who renouncing the government acknowledge the intruder Louis Bonaparte.” With all that in mind Villagran questions the bias in stating “why does it hurl anathemas against a nation that, a nation to maintain pristine the catholic religion it professes, and acquiring the rights usurped from it so long ago to throw off a tyrannical government.” Thus with that information in mind Villagran states “I cannot persuaded myself that the anathemas flumenated by the church fall on the defense we are making of religion, and liberty.” There is also a threat that Villagran addresses when he writes “Joseph is king of spoon and proclaims himself king of the indies; that there are 500 Spanish emmisaries in our kingdom sent to seduce us that we should defend ourselves because of all this threatened total ruin to our religion.”
That is the two points that Villagran uses as his defense as he states “Accoding to what I have said, which you cannot deny, tell me should we permit our religion and our liberty to perish or should we not take up Arms to defend both?” In explaining this he writes “God’s law commands us not to. take the life of our neighbours and that we are forbidden to take what is not ours and he who denies this is a heretic.” tying that in with the europeans Villagran writes “shouldn’t these principles operate against the Europeans and shouldn’t they be destroyed who’se unjust possession of the government not only deprives our king of his rights and tyrannized us but threatens the loss of relicion that we remain slaves forever. Ah father priest how little you know o this matter of the catholic christian american nation of today.” In his last point in regards to justifying the rebellion Villagran writes “the Europeans brought the faith to these regions, but seeing that they intended to destroy that which they have bold, it is necessary to persecute them and drive them out.” Thus the argument is that the Europeans are not following the Catholic faith that they brought to the regions, and instead of condemning those who are attacking their neighbours they are instead condemning the Americans who are striving to follow the catholic faith
2. Why did Iturbide have to issue the three guarantees?
Agutstin De Iturbie was “a royalist general who negotiated with the rebels.”
The reality of the situation is explained by Iturbide as he makes a comparison with a history lesson. As he states “The European countries although they achieved great heights in education and politics were once slaves to the Roman Empire. The empire watched as his children and grandchildren left home they were of an a to fend for themselvesves they maintained all the respect veneration and love due to their father.” Thus what Itrubie is stating is that the people of Europe back in the day were once taken care of by the ancient Roman Empire
Comparing that to the modern times the people of North America Iturbie states that “North America was under the tutelage of Spain.” With this leadership the Spaniards had “educated, and aggrandized North America, forming opulent city, increasing its population and splendors, knowing every aspect of the natural opulence of its soil.” Thus the first logical argument for why the three guarantees were issued was independence “from Spain and from all other nations.”
There was another factor in regards to the issuing to the three guarantees, that being the reality of the problems dealt with by the people. As Iturbide states “After the horrible experience of so many disasters, is there any one who is unwilling to support the union through what is so much good that can be achieved.” This union that Iturbide pushes is amongst certain groups as Itrubide tries to state, “European spaniards: your father land is America, because you live here; you shall have commerce and possessions!” Another ally as Itubide states “Americans: Who can say that you are not descended from Spaniards? We are held together by a chain formed by links of friendship, common interests, education and language.” With this in mind the second argument that Iturbide makes is that through unity it is a positive that the army of three guarantees was sufficient enough to issue.
WIth all the information at hand Itrubide states “I have proclaimed the independence of north America! It is now free, it is now its own master, it no longer recognizes or depends on any nation.” As Iturbide explains the only motivation of the Army is “to keep pure the Holy Religion we profess.”
In specifics to the Army of the three guarantees, a specific oath was created by Iturbide as he explains “the object for which I ask your cooperation. I ask of you no more than what you yourselves have wisened and longed for: union, fraternity, order, vigilance and horror tower a turbulent movement.” With these aspects of the empire in question Iturbide states “the warriors want nothing more than the common happiness. Join us to bravely advance an enterprise that must be Called heroic. having no demise we trust in the god of the armies, god of the peace, that those make up therefore bringing together Europeans, americans, dissidents and royalists will be protector to the task i have outlined.” Thus the arguments for the Three guarantees are independence from Europe, a union in the americas, and a common cause that the people of this new union can follow,
Question:
What is the reason that Ituride states that European Spaniards “homeland is america” even when he called for North America to be “independant from Spain”
from the other perspective of the church, why would they “not hurl anathemas agisntst the infamous Napoleon, nor against his brother Joseph, nor against the Dutch?”
easy question Why would “the crewles count on the lower classes to fight the war of independence?”
Bibliography
Martin, Cheryl, E., and Wasserman, Mark. Readings on Latin American and its People: Volume 1. to 1830. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2011.