Where does trawler net fishing occur?
Trawler Net Fishing can occur in any body of water, but it is mostly performed in the ocean due to the higher amount of fish. Fishers may prefer to trawler fish in areas with a higher concentration of fish, or where a certain type of fish is more common.
What species of fish are fished for using trawler nets?
The main goal for trawler fishers is to catch high amounts of small/medium sized fish, usually for food in industry, however, since the trawler net is not automatic, it will catch everything that swims into it. Some warm-blooded animals can be caught in the nets by accident, such as dolphins, seals, penguins, and turtles. These fish usually die from choking. Other fish may be caught in there unintendedly. These include sharks, stingrays, and other large fish.
How many other species of marine animals are negatively affected by trawler nets?
Many species of animals are negatively affected by trawler nets. Many mammals, such as turtles, dolphins, seals, and penguins can be caught in the nets and then drown. Other larger fish such as sharks and stingrays can be seriously injured as well. Indirectly, if a certain species of fish dies out, then the fish that eat them will not have any/many suitable foods to eat. If the animal that eats them dies out, then the species’ population can grow out of control. Too much of a certain species’ can come with many negative environmental effects. Too many sheep for example can seriously hinder the vegetation of a certain area.
What might be a suitable replacement to trawler net fishing that wouldn’t impact the ocean’s ecosystems so greatly?
A suitable replacement to trawler fishing are fish farms. Fish farms are a way of raising and farming fish, usually commercially in tanks or in enclosures. These farms do not affect the ecosystem much outside in the ocean, and they are a reliable source of food, so people do not need to farm in the ocean as much.
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Anthropological Climate Change –
Flow-chart –
In this flowchart, I have expressed how carbon emissions from humans have affected coral reefs, through global warming. Humanity is starting to use more and more technology that emits greenhouse gases. This technology includes cars, factories, and coal mining. Since more greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, is reaching the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect, is getting stronger. The greenhouse effect is where the content of gases in the atmosphere becomes too strong and instead of letting Sun heat out of the atmosphere, the Sun’s rays become stuck in the Earth’ atmosphere, making the temperature of the Earth warmer. Warmer temperatures cause ice caps to melt, resulting in higher ocean temperatures. This can cause land induction, which includes intrusion of mangroves into low-lying freshwater habitats, which can cause smothered coral. Another side effect of warmer air is a warmer water temperature. Warmer oceans can put thermal stress on coral, which can cause them to lose their colour (coral bleaching). Generally, more carbon dioxide in the ocean also causes disease and disrupts coral structure.
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Two photos:
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Coral Bleaching
Brief Report:
Increased and or fluctuating temperatures in the ocean is bad for coral reefs, as it can cause stress to coral, which doesn’t necessarily kill coral itself, but can increase their vulnerability to death related causes. Due to the stress, the coral will reject the algae that gives it its colour, making it white. This is called coral bleaching.
Diagram showing relationship between coral and algae.
Coral bleaching is bad for the coral ecosystem as coral shelter 25% of the marine species. If the coral dies, these fish species will be in danger which will in turn will negatively affect the ecosystem and the ocean food web. They are also quite important in the tourist industry, providing Australia with 1.5 billion dollars worth of revenue related to tourism and fishing each year. Coral are also important for science, as they provide clear evidence of past oceanic events such as storms in their growth patterns. Finally, if coral die, coastlines will be under more pressure and damage from the effects of storms and wave action will be more prevalent to shorelines.
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Plastic Pollution
Summary of Video:
A cargo ship sailing across the Pacific Ocean lost 11 cargo boxes in a storm. These boxes contained 28,800 assorted plastic bathtub animals, with most of them going into the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, an area where wave currents bring the majority of plastic wastage in the ocean together. Most of the plastic in these patches have been worn by the Sun and other fish and becomes tiny particles, which makes the water there quite polluted. This plastic spreads itself throughout the water; some plastic can be found at the sea floor. This can cause many deaths and growth/development issues, as either animals such as fish attempt to digest plastic and end up being poisoned, or mammals such as birds and turtles being stuck in
plastic and choking. This, overall, can cause a wave of impact through the
ecosystem of the ocean and in the end, this can directly affect us, as we may eat fish that have diseases. There are many ways we can help prevent this, such as using reusable bags, recycling our used plastic items, and to just generally rethink the way we use plastic so that it has as little impact on the environment as possible.
Plastic bottles –
Plastic bottles are usually only used once before being thrown out due to its soft shape and poor quality for repeated use. However, they are extremely cheap compared to glass and ceramic cups. My proposal is to create a bottle that is relatively cheap and not damaging to the environment. The bottle will be made from paper instead of plastic. The cap will still be made from plastic as it will be hard to find a paper cap that fits the rest of the bottle due to the soft nature of paper, but the cap is only a small part of the bottle. This will positively affect the pollution of the ocean as plastic bottles play a large role in the pollution of the ocean and changing the standard for these bottles will definitely help reduce the waste. Though the caps will still be made from plastic, in the end, only a minute amount of plastic will end up in the ocean, compared to what the situation is now. Less bottles in the ocean means less plastic being consumed by fish, which will overall help balance the ecosystem to its perfect state. Less toxic water can help humans too by resolving plastic intoxication into our water and food systems, helping against cancer, birth defects and other water-related issues.
Materials:
Hardened Paper (majority)
Plastic (minority)
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Newspaper articles:
Newspaper articles often use a lot of quotes from qualified people about the topic discussed, usually to help prove a point using words from a human being who saw something first-hand, or from a professional. There are usually no paragraphs, and instead the article is separated into small segments of up to 1 to 4 sentences. Contrary to persuasive writings and narratives, the newspaper articles usually do not finish with a conclusion of some sorts and just finishes with the body text. The vocabulary use is also always formal, unless it is from a quote, and the words are usually quite advanced, and technical, especially words that are related to the topic. The title of these articles uses a lot of emotive language, and sometimes they use words with negative connotations (when referring to a negative topic) or words with good connections (when referring to a positive topic). Topic points are usually straight to the point and the main idea is usually conveyed in the first paragraphs. Pictures, diagrams, and graphs, are also often included as graphical evidence or to give numbers to support a reason.
Unknown words:
Signatories – a part that has signed an agreement, especially a country that has signed a treaty
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