The FAO Guidelines defined land use planning as: “Land-use planning is the systematic assessment of land and water potential, alternatives for land use and economic and social conditions in order to select and adopt the best land-use options. Its purpose is to select and put into practice those land uses that will best meet the needs of the people while safeguarding resources for the future. The driving force in planning is the need for change, the need for improved management or the need for a quite different pattern of land use dictated by changing circumstances”.
Land use planning is a general statement which is used for the development of urban and rural areas with various disciplines with world order and seek to regulate land use in an efficient and ethical way, thus preventing land-use conflicts. The Government uses Land use planning to manage land resources in their respective jurisdictions. The Government can plan for the needs of the people as well as preserve natural resources. To this end, it is the systematic assessment of land and water potential, alternatives for land use, and economic and social conditions in order to select and adopt the best land-use options. One of the elements in the comprehensive land use planning was provides a vision for the future possibilities of development in neighborhoods, districts, cities, or any defined planning area.
Land resource planning is the need to create an environment of sustainable development of land resources to meet the needs of the people. It is also to assess potential physical, socio-economic, institutional, and legal and constraints in resources-land resources optimum and lasting. It also allows people to decide how to use the land
Land use is not not only environmental issues in an area but has become a global problem. With a total of more than six billion people throughout the world with the development of stone forest, water and contaminated air. Significant damage around the world as a result of land use activities that are not planned. According to James Leape, Director General of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the world is now no longer able to meet the needs of individuals but need to think about future planning in order to provide the needs of future generations.
Land resources are limited, while natural resources may change from time to time in accordance with current needs and the types of uses. At the same time human needs and wishes is growing. Economic growth has led to competition over land use is also increasing. This limited land resources with high requirements have been creating competition and conflicts and has resulted in land use that is not planned.
To overcome the unplanned land use planning approach is an integrated land resources is way practical. By making the study integrated on all land use will find methods of solving conflicts of land use, planning land use efficiently and development that takes into account the importance of environmental protection. Next create sustainable development.
Integrated planning of land resources planning and management related also in decision making in planning a development of land use. Planning management of land resources in an integrated manner also allows restructuring to previous plans including the revaluation of the policies, regulations and rules implementation on existing programs. Each weaknesses need to be addressed and necessary improvements. While the programs implemented should lead directly to the problems faced. It should also cross check with other programs. This is to ensure that use of land in a sustainable manner.
Land resources are used in a wide range of purposes and compete with each other. It is therefore appropriate planning of land resources in an integrated manner are carried out. With integrated planning this then effects of land use on the social and economic including impacts to natural resources can be controlled to ensure the continued development of the sustainable. Integrated planning will maximize productivity and at the same time protect and preserve biological diversity and ecology.
The broad objective is to facilitate allocation of land to the uses that provide the greatest sustainable benefits and to promote the transition to a sustainable and integrated management of land resources. In doing so, environmental, social and economic issues should be taken into consideration. Protected areas, private property rights, the rights of indigenous people and their communities and other local communities and the economic role of women in agriculture and rural development, among other issues, should be taken into account.
Physical planning is also one integrated resource planning. Physical planning is conducted at the Federal, State and local government. Physical planning is an integrated holistic planning. It covers overall all areas. This will normally be physical planning has two main functions, i.e. develop a rational infrastructure and takes into account the interests of all communities. Physical planning will correlate closely with the law and existing regulations as well as formulating new policies to ensure the goals and objectives achieved.
Malaysia’s Second National Physical Plan (2010 – 2020) provides a long-term strategic framework for national spatial planning and includes measures required to shape the direction and pattern of land use, biodiversity conservation and development in Peninsular Malaysia.
The Physical Plan is a set of guidelines for federal and state governments to control development and land administration. The Physical Plan includes measures to tackle climate change and conserve natural resources and biological resources in the country, including establishing carbon sinks for sequestration, establishing sustainable forest and water management, and a Central Forest Spine to link key ecological areas in Peninsular Malaysia. The Plan complements the Five Year Economic Development Plan as it provides the spatial dimension to the sector distribution of natural resources in the country.
Preparation of RFN provided under the town and country planning Act 1976 (Act 172).RFN 2nd has been developed as one of the country’s effort to achieve developed nation status and a high income by 2020. Physical planning and strategic as formulated in the 2nd RFN is vital for the country’s economic improvement
Through the National Physical Plan, integrated planning can be implemented as a whole in the country. The country could develop in a controlled manner. Through the National Physical Planning study has been made of the importance of caring for natural resources.
In line with the spirit of 1Malaysia: People First, Performance Now; NPP-2 have been ensuring that all citizens enjoy the country’s development by emphasizing areas previously left behind will be developed and balanced to provide a communication system and an efficient transport system in addition to promoting local economic development that has the potential to be promoted to the global level.
Land use which would result in unplanned impact on local social and economic. To ensure that the planning of land resources more efficiently then integrated land resource planning needs to be implemented. In Malaysia through the national physical plan allows developing countries in controlled and orderly supported by laws and regulations as well as relevant policy formulation. Through integrated land resource planning will be able to avoid the impact on natural resources such as rivers and biodiversity. Thus avoid disasters such as floods and pollution of natural resources.