Essay: Three industrial accident related questions

1. What is domino theory of accident by Heinrich?
Domino theory of accident is stated by H. W. Heinrich as an American engineer on 1931 and pioneer in the field of industrial accident safety. Usually this is use for safety management in industrial firm. Heinrich identify the way how minimize or prevent any accident. Heinrich’s domino theory is accident outcome by chain of events. Domino falling over the other effects to the next until the end. But, if key factor on each of domino linkage is removes, it will change the reaction. It is use to prevent or minimize accidents to injury.
Heinrich’s domino theory consist five metaphors like dominoes. Start with social environment and ancestry, fault of person, unsafe act and unsafe condition, accident and injury. Heinrich defines each of these ‘dominoes’ clearly expressed what should be done on minimize or eliminate their presence in the sequence.
Firstly, the domino series to event is social to event social environment and ancestry. Worker personality is the domino the sequence to deal first. Heinrich describes that is personality traits such as greed, stubborn, disobedient and alcoholic is unnecessary behaviour came from personality of worker itself or bad environment. So that, this domino can be contribute to fault of the person.
The second domino is fault to person which that also deals with worker behaviour. Heinrich explains the unsafe conduct or inborn people such as bad temper can lead to an accident. For example, for unsafe conduct such as the worker not follow the instruction how to use the machine properly. According to Heinrich environmental deficiency or natural and person can be contribute to fault may effort to another dominos like unsafe act and unsafe condition.
Besides that, dominoes unsafe acts. People behaviour is one of unsafe act and for unsafe condition it came from physical hazard or machines itself that can contribute to accident. Heinrich impression that unsafe is the central factor to prevent the incident in this domino.
Lastly, the injury results from accidents. The accident may contribute to some type of injuries such as suffering from physical or broken bones.
2. What is self-regulation by Lord Roben?
In 1970 to 1980s many serious industrial accident happened because of unskilled workers handle the machine. For example, the workers of the other department handle the machine that not in his activity. Lord Roben’s proposed a self-regulation in 1970 by the reasons that lack of management control in industry. United Kingdom Government resulted Health and Safety of Workers at Work Act 1974. Australia adopted similar legislation in 1984. However, Malaysia also enacted this Roben’s legislation in 1994 because of Bright sparkler incident in Sungai Buloh at 1992.
This legislation recommended working area arrangement in industrial for health and safety to workers. Determine general role of employers to accommodate a safety and healthy workplace surrounding. Combination of work and health can adapt contentment work to workers. Consultation between employees and employers by Safety and Health committees. Safety and health officer play a role as an advisor and coordinator to workers.
Implementation from Lord Roben’s approach about self-regulation to attain health and safety, there is a few preventive principles and promoting health of employees in the workplace. The first preventive principles to ascertain Safety and Health of workers. The workers are responsible to follow the obligation in work place. Second, employers need to provide programed or seminar of prevention to their worker as for risk awareness in workplace. The third principles, department of risk need to estimate the risk in the working area.
3. What type of risk in industrial and how accident can happen?
Now days, most of peoples will involve in industrial accident. Malaysia has lots of entrepreneurs. They would expose with many risk in industrial. And of course, accident will be happened to them. Sometimes, the accident can make them get high cost of lost. Even though, the accident is not serious but, is also implicating a cost of lost. The safety-minded management plans all its plant and operations to be safe as possible, trains its workers in safe practices and seeks their sincere cooperation in preventing accidents, supervises them carefully, makes job-safety analyses to determine and establish safe job routines. There are many risk in industrial that can happen which include machine, raw material, worker, equipment, suppliers, debtor, creditor, marketing and building.
The question is how accident can be happened in industrial? The human factors theory of accident causation attributes accidents to a chain of events ultimately caused by human error. It consists of the following three broad factors that lead to human error: overload, inappropriate response, and inappropriate activities.
First, overload by human error in industrial. Overload amounts to an imbalance between a person’s capacity at any given time and load that person in carrying in a given state. A person’s capacity is the product of such factors as his or her natural ability, training, and state of mind, fatigue, stress and physical condition. The load a person is carrying consists of tasks for which responsible and added burdens resulting from environmental factors, internal factors, and situational factors. The state in which a person is acting is the product of motivational and arousal levels.
Inappropriate response is the one of lead to human factors. If a person detects a hazardous condition but does nothing to correct it, they have responded inappropriate. If a person removes a safeguard from a machine in an effort to increase output, they have responded inappropriate. Such responses can lead to accidents.
Last but not least, human error can be the result of inappropriate activities. An example of an inappropriate activity would be a person undertaking a task they do not know how to do. Another example would be a misjudging the degree of risk involved in a given to accident and injuries. The basic facts that the unsafe acts of individuals are a factor in the majority of accidents justifies of itself the substitution of mechanical for manual operations wherever practicable. Typical hazards of the use of such equipment are overloading, poor arrangement of material, operating at excessive speed, lack of adequate space for operation, lack of skill and improper attitude on the part of the worker.