Essay: Pumped Controlled Power Bank

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Modern technology influenced the people’s lifestyle. This made engineers and inventors innovate or improve a device. Portable gadgets gain attention for its increasing demand, and it has been quite a challenge especially in the battery industry. A typical mobile device uses wall sockets for charging before it can be used and carried. Thus, the reliability of these devices is only limited through the availability of charging receptacles and its battery capacity.
The reliability and service time of a battery is reduced as more features are added into a device. Increasing the capacity of batteries will lead also to the changes of its size. A better solution would be to use auxiliary power source or a powerbank.
A battery charger or powerbank is a device use to transfer energy by imposing electrical current flows through a rechargeable battery. The procedure of charging varies on the characteristics of the gadget’s battery such as type and size. Several types of battery have a large tolerance with respect on overcharging, thus it is necessary to have a timer to interrupt the current, or just manually disconnect it. Besides, there are sorts of battery that is unable to resist overcharging, so microprocessor controller, and circuits of voltage and temperature sensors are installed as parts of the charger.
The pump-controlled powerbank is a new type of portable battery charger. It saves energy that was generated from the mechanical components of the powerbank. The generated voltage depends on how much time and how fast you pump the pumping mechanism of the power bank.
The main purpose of powerbank is to have a portable energy storage. The pump-controlled powerbank can be used in times of power interruptions. It’s an energy saving device for the reason that it does not need any external source of electricity.
Project Description
The Pump-Controlled Power Bank is a device for charging mobile devices like smartphones. This device can store electric energy using electromagnetic induction. This is a modified type of power bank that has a self-generating mechanism to produce electricity. The generated electromotive force that comes from electromagnetic induction is produced through the rotation of rotor and stator parts of the pump-controlled powerbank. The rotor spins due to mechanical force specifically pumping the powerbank. The pumping also operates the gear’s motion and then that motion varies the action of the rotating shaft.
The design project helps to provide an energy saving device. The device is a convenient, self-generating, and can be used anytime needed. The fact that this device is pump-controlled, it makes the project incomparable to other existing device. The purpose of this design project is generally inquired on the possibility of creating and developing a portable energy storage for electronic gadgets like mobile phones.
Statement of the Problem
The functionality of Powerbank depends on the mechanical source attached. Testing the functionality of the powerbank is important before it is used in the application since one cannot distinguished whether the pump-controlled mechanism produce stable voltage. Creating an alternative power source of the powerbank would get the interest of users.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. How will the pump act as a mechanical source to produce electricity?
2. How will the generated power be regulated so it can be stored?
3. What will be the advantage of using the pump-controlled powerbank
compare to other types of powerbank?
4. How effective is a pump-controlled mechanism as a source of mechanical
input?
Research Framework
Theoretical Framework
The electricity generates with the use of a generator that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and an electric motor as the reverse conversion for electrical energy into mechanical energy. Generators mostly contribute for the power of our electrical grids. A motor can also generate electricity by a mechanically controlled device to make an acceptable generators. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_generator)
‘According to Faraday’s law of induction, electromotive force is produce when there is an interaction with an electric circuit by a magnetic field, this occurrence is called electromagnetic induction. Many types of electrical motors, generators, inductors, solenoids and transformers will be its fundamental principle.’ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction#Proof_of_Faraday.27s_law)
Chemical reaction is produced through charging and discharging of batteries, but Lithium ion is said to be its exception. According to the battery scientists, part of ion movement between anode and cathode is the energies flowing in and out of the battery, and if they are right, the battery would last forever. Internal corrosion plays an important role to the ions getting trapped when capacity fades.
Lithium-ion charger is a device that limits the voltage. It is only a system that takes what it absorb, so that the possibility of prolonging battery life and gaining extra capacity does not exist. ‘http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/charging_lithium_ion_batteries’
‘According to George Paparrizos, Lithium-ion type of battery has the advantage from other rechargeable ones that made it more popular for the modern consumer like higher operating voltage, higher energy density, lower discharge rate and better environmental properties. Changes in the properties of a material like battery’s anode, electrolyte and cathode may affect the corresponding performance of the battery.’ (http://www.electronicproducts.com/Power_Products/Batteries_and_Fuel_Cells/Fundamentals_of_battery_charging_Part_1.aspx)
Conceptual Framework
Pumped Controlled Power Bank has the advantages against other existing devices. It is an energy saving device that has a self-generating mechanism to produce electricity, it charges smart phones without external source of electricity, for emergency purposes particularly power interruption due to typhoons and other calamities.
By applying force to the pump-powered mechanism, the voltage is generated. The voltage is produce through the rotation of the gear that is attached to a rotating shaft. It will vary depending on how quickly you pump. A built -in voltage regulator will maintain a steady current, so the longer you pump, the more power you generate.
Battery charging process:
1) Switching regulator that control either the output current or voltage.
2) Battery parameter (voltage, current, temperature) measuring circuit.
3) Charging algorithm.
Figure 1. Conceptual framework of a pump-controlled powerbank
Project Objectives
Generally, the researchers aims to develop a mechanism that can be used as a prime mover of producing electricity and provide additional information about the powerbanks storing capability.
Specifically, the study has the following objectives:
1. To produce electricity using a pump-controlled mechanism
2. To know the advantages of the pump-controlled powerbank
3. To discover the pump-controlled powerbank storing capability.
4. To evaluate the performance of pump-controlled mechanism as a mechanical input.
Scope and Limitation of the Project
The study involves the design and construction of a portable pumped controlled mechanism of the power bank. The primary focus of the study is to improve the design of a typical model of a power bank. Electrical aspect is highly considered in constructing the design of the project. Efficient mechanical design of the project was based only on basic scientific principles. Aesthetic factor is also considered so the device is designed in such a way that it will be a portable device that is easy to carry.
Common type of powerbank needs a cord and an adapter to charge from outside AC source to charge. This powerbank was developed by using a mechanical way of producing electricity, negating the use of electricity from AC source. The function of the device is not just to store power, but also to charge mobile devices like smartphones or any other gadgets that use USB port for charging. The device will not work by itself, it requires human movement. The device must be pump continuously in order to produce and store power.
Significance of the Study
The electric charge of its battery is consumed faster due to frequent usage of mobile phones and other electronic gadgets. For this reason the following recognized the powerbank as a portable power source:
Education sectors. The project aims to provide students, and even the educators, assistance regarding the study of portable power source. The device can be use to charge electronic gadgets like mobile phones without external power source from outlets.
Community. This project aims to provide the owners of electronic gadgets in the community an emitter of electricity in times of blackouts and brownouts cause by calamities or technical problems on the transmission of electricity.
Researchers. The proposed project will serve the researcher to have an additional source of information and knowledge about the function and the features of the modified powerbank.
Future researchers. This project can be a reference for future researchers that will be dealing with the same topic or to any kind of powerbank or portable source of electricity for small gadgets.
Research Methodology
Research Design
This project used a descriptive research method. The researchers explained the concepts about portable generators and defined the problems that will make an improvement for the ideas in developing the project. The researchers also described and analysed how this project will work and how will the researchers will come up on a successful prototype.
Sources of Data
The sources of data are composed of primary and secondary data. The basis for developing this project was the data collected by the researchers. For the primary data, the researchers went to University of the Philippines-Los Ba��os (UPLB) to look for some previous researches to our project, specifically in CEAT-Library.
Secondary data includes researches of related studies from journals, books, and internet. Researchers collected the secondary data mostly on internet because the idea of this project does not yet exist on books in the library and previous studies.
Data Gathering Procedures
To further support the proposal, the researchers visited some universities in Batangas and Laguna to get related studies for this project. Some of the studies gathered that have related studies was placed in some parts of the paper. The researchers collected data also through the internet. Some studies about portable generator that was uploaded in the internet was a big help in developing this project.
Definition of Terms
Alnico alloys – it is an acronym of aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) that is used to make permanent magnets.
Alternators ‘ an electrical machine that used in generating alternating current.
Crank – a bend part of a shaft or axle, or an armed keyed at right angles to the end of a shaft, by which motion is received from it or imparted to.
Current ‘ a charge which is carried in a wire by moving electrons.
Electromagnetic induction ‘ it is produced when conductor exposed to a time varying magnetic field across electromotive force.
Flux – is defined as the rate of flow of a property per unit area, which has the dimensions.
Helical spring – is a mechanical device that maintains a force between contacting surfaces and stores energy when the spring releases subsequently and resiliently.
Inductive coupling – measured by their mutual inductance.
Inverter – is an electronic device that converts direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC).
Lithium ion battery – type of battery that uses an intercalated lithium compound as one electrode material.
Magnetic field – is the electric current and magnetic material’s magnetic effect.
Magnetic flux – is the quantity of magnetic field passing through the conducting coil.
Permanent magnet ‘ a material that creates its own magnetic field.
Rectilinear motion – is a non-stop change in position of an object.
Rotor – is the non-stationary part of generators or motors.
Smartphones – a mobile phone that has advanced operating system with a features of a personal computer operating system with other useful features.
Stator – is the stationary part of generators or motors.
Torque – is the rotation of an object about an axis by applying of a force.
Winding ‘ consist of one or more turns of wire that forms a coil where an electric current can pass, as used in generator, and transformers.
Worms and worm gear ‘ a drives that forms the smoothest and quietest gearing.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) – Developed in the mid-1990s by industry standard that defines connectors, cables, and communication protocols used in communication, bus for connection, and power supply between computers and electronic devices.
USB connector – a medium used in connecting computer to peripheral devices such as printer, scanner, mouse and keyboard.
USB port – a port that can be used to connect different peripheral devices, such as keyboards, mice, and modems. USB also supports hot plugging and Plug-and-Play installation.