Essay: Portable pneumatic drill – project report

Abstract

In work shops and automotive shops, there are frequent needs of tightening and smoothening of screws, drilling, boring, grinding machines.

Huge and complicated parts can not be well machined with the help of ordinary machine. In electrical drilling machine power consumption is too high whereas accuracy is not good. Drilling the hole in particular workpiece becomes a time consuming process and human effort is also large.

Hence by application of pneumatics human effort becomes less, accuracy becomes more precise and time is saved. In this project the pneumatic cylinder with piston which is operated by an air compressor will give the successive action to operate this drilling operation.

Design and fabrication of portable pneumatic drilling machine will be done using basic principles of pneumatics.

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction

Power tools must be fitted with guards and safety switches; they are extremely hazardous when used improperly. The types of power tools are determined by their power source: electric, pneumatic, liquid fuel, hydraulic, and powder-actuated.
Figure 1.1 Different type of drilling machine

1.2 Pneumatic System

Figure 1.2 Pneumatic system

There is an constant supply of air in atmosphere to produce compressed air. This compressed air can be generated by various sources such as compressor, air cylinder, etc. Moreover, the compressed air is not affected by distance, as it can easily be transmitted through pipes. After that with the help of pressure relief valve it can be directly supplied to the compressor.
A pneumatic system is a system that uses compressed air to transmit and control energy. Pneumatic systems are used in controlling train doors, automatic production lines, mechanical clamps, etc.

1.3 Drilling Machine

Figure 1.3 Drilling Machine

Drilling machines are mainly used to originate through or blind straight cylindrical holes in solid rigid bodies and/or enlarge pre-machining holes of different diameter.

Ranging from about 1 mm to 40 mm of varying length depending upon the requirement.

The diameter of the drill in different materials excepting very hard or very soft materials like rubber, polythene, rock etc.

1.4 The different types of drilling machines

1. Portable drilling machine (or) Hand drilling machine

2. Sensitive drilling machine (or) Bench drilling machine

3. Upright drilling machine

4. Radial drilling machine

5. Gang drilling machine

6. Multiple spindle drilling machine

7. Deep hole drilling machine

1.4.1Pneumatic Drilling Machine System

Pneumatic Drilling Machine is portable drill with features of explosive-proof, large torque, high rotate speed, light weight, suitable dimension, high efficiency, stable structure and convenient maintenance. Mainly used for drilling holes for exploring and discharging water and gas, also used for bolting tunnel side and drilling explosive holes on soft rock, coal and half-coal layer.

Chapter-2 Literature Review

2.1 Literature Review

A.Karthik, R.Krishnaraj, Nunnakarthik, R.Kumaresan, S.Karthik, R.Murali, ‘Single Axis Semi Automatic Drilling Machine with PLC Control”, 10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.0403009 [1] had represented hydraulic cylinder which is used to the drill the workpiece of the given size. In this model the solenoid valve is used which is used to control the the flow of the fluid. Limit switch is used which is used in adjusting the height of the workpiece to be drilled. And programmable logic controller is used to control the whole drilling operation hence accuracy and time is saved by this model.

Manish Kale, Prof. D. A. Mahajan, Prof. (Dr.) S. Y. Gajjal, ‘A Review Paper on Development of SPM for Drilling and Riveting Operation”, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 5, Issue 4, April 2015 [2] had represented the paper discuss the case study and comparison of productivity of component using conventional radial drilling machine and special purpose machine(SPM) for drilling and tapping operation. In this case study, the SPM used for 8 multi drilling operation (7 of ”6.75 and ”12), linear tapping operation of ”12 and angular tapping operation of ”5.1 of TATA cylinder block. In this paper the following studies are carried out 1. Time saved by component handling (loading and unloading), using hydraulic clamping, 2. Increase in productivity both qualitative and quantitative, 3. Less human intervention, indirectly reduction in operator fatigue, 4. Less rejection due to automatic controls, and 5. Increase the profit of company.

Mohammad Javad Rahimdel, Seyed Hadi Hosienie, ‘The Reliability and Maintainability Analysis of Pneumatic System of Rotary Drilling Machines”, Springer, 07 November 2013 [3] had Trend and serial correlation tests shown that the TBF data are iid, therefore, RP technique can be used for reliability modeling. The reliability of pneumatic system was calculated by the use of best-‘tted distribution. Data analysis and ‘nding the best-‘t distributions were done using Easy Fit 5.5 software. The Kolmogorov’Smirnov (K’S) test has been used for selecting the best distributions for reliability analysis. The results of data analysis with top six ‘tted and the best-‘tted distributions.

Prof. P.R. Sawant, Mr. R. A.Barawade, ‘Design and Development of Spm-A Case Study in Multi Drilling and Tapping Machine’, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies, Vol. I, Issue II, January-March, 2012/55-57 [4] had represented the case study and comparison of productivity of component using conventional radial drilling machine and special purpose machine(SPM) for drilling and tapping operation. In this case study, the SPM used for 8 multi drilling operation (7 of ”6.75 and ”12), linear tapping operation of ”12 and angular tapping operation of ”5.1 of TATA cylinder block. In this paper the following studies are carried out

1. Time saved by component handling (loading and unloading), using hydraulic clamping,
2. Increase in productivity both qualitative and quantitative,
3. Less human intervention, indirectly reduction in operator fatigue,
4. Less rejection due to automatic controls, and
5. Increase the profit of company.

A.Sivasubramaniam, ‘Design of Pneumatic Operated Drill Jig for Cylindrical Component”, IJSR-International Journal of Scientific Research, Volume 3, Issue 3, March 2014 [5] had represented the growth of Manufacturing industry and its need for increased productivity is greatly enhanced by the nature of the industry, their possible work culture and most important thing is the use of improvised techniques and systems. The concept of increased productivity, reduced lead time, high quality and precision can be achieved by making some improvisation in available systems and techniques. In this paper we would deal with a design of pneumatic operated drill jig which can be universally used for a specific drill size. We have designed the jig especially for cylindrical components which involves drilling of hole of size 6mm and 12mm diameter. This design would greatly help in increased productivity of jobs in mass production.

Ogundele, O. J.,Osiyoku, D. A. Braimoh, J., and Yusuf, I., ‘Maintenance of an Air Compressor Used in Quarries”, Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology (SJET), 2014; 2(4C):621-627 [6] had represented how the aie is mainted in all the system during its operating condition . Main moto of this model is the maintenance of drilling machine on which the drilling operations are carried out.

2.2 Problem Definition

• The research survey was reflected different drilling system such as Single Axis Semi Automatic Drilling Machine, SPM for Drilling, Pneumatic System of Rotary Drilling Machines, Multi Drilling and Tapping Machine, pneumatic Operated Drill Jig for Cylindrical Component etc.
• Some research paper indicated about design and analysis different type drilling machine system.
• There was proposed work done on pneumatic drilling machine for human comfort.

2.3 Objectives

1. To after Study details of pneumatic drill machine operate it as simpler.
2. To maintain it easy by worker.
3. To operate as faster with higher torque.
4. To used by compressed air so low power consumption.
5. Operating cost as lowest as possible to maintain.
6. To reduce the disadvantages of electrical drill.

Chapter 3 Analysis of Mechanical Component of Pneumatic Drilling Machine

3.1 Pneumatic Control Component

3.1.1 Pneumatic cylinder

An pneumatic cylinder is a device which operates on the air and has input of compressed air i.e. pneumatic power is converted in to mechanical output power, by reducing the pressure of the air to that of the atmosphere.

a) Single acting cylinder

Single acting cylinder is the cylinder in which the piston acts on the single side of the cylinder.

b) Double acting cylinders:

Double acting cylinder acts on the both side of the cylinder. In this piston acts on the both side. Direction and flow control valves are used in the double acting cylinder.

3.2 Generally Used Materials

Table 3.1 Cylinder Tube Material

Light Duty Medium Duty Heavy Duty

Plastic brass tube brass tube

Hard drawn Aluminum tube Aluminum Casting steel tube

Hard drawn Brass tube Brass, Bronze, Iron or Casting, welded steel tube

Table 3.2 End Cover Material

Light Duty Medium Duty Heavy Duty

Aluminum stock (Fabricated) Aluminum stock (Fabricated) Casting

Brass stock (Fabricated) Brass stock (Fabricated)

Aluminum Casting Aluminum, Brass, iron or steel casting

Table 3.3 Piston Material

Light Duty Medium Duty Heavy Duty

Aluminum Casting Brass Aluminum Forgings,

Aluminum Casting

Bronze (Fabricated) Bronze

Iron Casting Brass, Bronze, Iron or

Steel Casting

Table 3.4 Mount Material

Light Duty Medium Duty Heavy Duty

Aluminum Casting Aluminum, Brass and steel casting High tensile

Steel Casting

Light Alloy (Fabricated) High tensile

Steel Fabrication

Table 3.5 Piston Rod Material

Light Duty Medium Duty Heavy Duty

Mild Steel ground and polished Generally preferred chrome plated

Stainless Steel Ground and Polished Less scratch resistant

3.3 Valves

3.3.1 Solenoid Valve

The directional valve is one of the irrefutable parts of a pneumatic system. Commonly known as DCV, this valve is used to control the direction of air flow in the pneumatic system. The directional valve does this by changing the position of its internal movable part.

A solenoid is a device that converts electrical energy into line motion and force. These are also used to operate a mechanical operation which in turn operated the valve mechanism. Solenoid valves can be push type or pull type. The push type solenoid valves are one in which the plunger is pushed when the solenoid is energized electrically. The pull type solenoid valves are one is which the plunger is pulled when the solenoid is energized.

3.3.2 Parts of a Solenoid Valve.

1. Coil:

The solenoid coil is made of copper. The layers of wire are separated by layers which are insulated. The coil is covered with a varnish which is best material that is not affected by solvents, moisture, etc.

2. Frame:

Solenoid frame is made of laminated sheets, it is magnetized when the current passes through the coil. Then coil attracts the plunger which is made of metal to move. The frame has provisions for attaching the mounting. They are usually bolted or welded to the frame.

3. Solenoid Plunger:

The solenoid plunger is formation of steel laminations which are riveted together under high pressure, so that there will be no movement of the lamination with respect to one another. At the top of the plunger a pin hole is placed for making a connection to some device. The plunger is moved by a which is magnetize in nature and in one direction and is usually returned by spring action.. In many applications it is necessary to use explosion proof solenoids.

3.4 Solenoid Valve (or) Cut Off Valve

It is used to control the direction of flow of liquid in case of hydraulics and air in case of pneumatics.

3.4.1 Flow control valve

In any fluid power circuit, flow control valve is used to control the speed of the actuator. The flow control can be achieved by varying the area of flow through which the air in passing. When area is increased, more quantity of air will be sent to actuator as a result its speed will increase. If the quantity of air entering into the actuator is reduced, the speed of the actuatoris reduced.

3.4.2 Pressure Control Valve

The main function of the pressure control valve is to limit (or) control the pressure required in a pneumatic circuit. Depending upon the method of controlling they are classified as

Pressure relief Valve2.

Pressure reducing Valve

3.5 Drilling Head

3.5.1 Barrel

It contains hollow cylinder and it is the part of the frilling head.

3.5.2 Shaft

It’s made up of mild steel. It is a straight rod having a step. It is supported by two bearings in the cylinder. The diameter of rod is 15 mm for a length of 180 mm and 13.5 mmdiameter for 22 mm length. The fan is fitted on the shaft through flanges. The fan is fixed to flanges and the flanges are fixed to the shaft through drilled holes.

3.5.3 Couplings

It is used to fasten the shaft with flanges and also transmit the motion.

3.5.4 Flanges

Its arrangement is made in such a way that the drilling hole and tool coincide with each other.

3.5.5 Vane

Due to rotation of vane motion is transmitted to the shaft..

3.6 Hoses

Hoses used in this pneumatic system. These hoses can withstand at a maximum pressure level of 10 N/m”. it is used to transmit air flow from compressor to the system.

3.6.1. Connectors

There are 3 connectors in our system. It is used to connect various valves such as flow , direction control valves , etc.

Chapter 4 CAD Modeling and Calculation of Pneumatic Drilling Machine

4.1 Pneumatic components and its specification

The pneumatic auto feed drilling machine consists of the following components:

1. Double acting pneumatic cylinder
2. Solenoid Valve
3. Flow control Valve
4. Connectors
5. Hoses

1. Double acting pneumatic cylinder

Technical Data

Stroke length : Cylinder stoker length = 80 mm
Piston diameter: 40 mm
Piston rod: 25 mm
Quantity: 2
Seals: Nitride material
End cones: Grey cast iron
Piston: 10 bar
Media: Atmospheric Air
Temperature: 0-95 ” C
Pressure : 5 N/m”

2. Solenoid Valve

Technical data
Size: 0.6355 x 10-2 m
Part size: G 0.6355x 10-2 m
Max pressure: 0-12 bar
Quantity: 1

3. Flow control Valve

Technical Data
Port size : 20 mm
Pressure: 0-8 bar
Media : Atmospheric Air
Quantity : 4

4. Connectors

Technical data
Max working pressure: 10 bar
Temperature: 0-115 ” C
Fluid media: Air
Material: Brass

5. Hose Pipes

Technical data
Max pressure: 9 bar
Outer diameter: 10mm
Inner diameter: 5 mm

4.2 General machine Specifications

Drill unit
Short capacity: 0.6355 x 10-2 m
Barrel diameter (ID): 50 mm = 50 x 10-3m

Clamping unit
Clamping: Auto clamping
Max Clamping Size: 110 mm = 0.11m

Pneumatic unit

Type of cylinder: Double acting cylinder
Type of valve: Flow control valve & solenoid valve & Direction control valve
Max air pressure: 9 bar

General unit

Size of machine (L x H) : 0.7100 m x 0.7100 m Weight : 15 kg

4.3 Design Calculations

Max pressure applied in the cylinder (p) : 10 bar

Area of cylinder (A) : (3.14 D”) / 4
: 1256 mm2

Force exerted in the piston (F) : Pressure x area of cylinder.
= 1000000 x 1.256
= 1256 kN
( for maximum pressure, not working pressure)

4.4 CAD Tool-Solid Work 2015

Solid Works 2015 is 3D mechanical design system built with adaptive technology and solid modeling capabilities.
The Solid Works 2015 software includes features for 3D modeling, information management, collaboration, and technical support that you can:

1. Create 3D models and 2D drawings.
2. Create features, parts, and subassemblies.
3. Manage thousands of parts and huge assemblies.
4. Use third-party applications, with an (API).
5. Collaborate with multiple designers in the modeling process.
6. Link to web tools to access resources, share data, and communicate with colleagues.
7. Use the integrated (DSS) for help as you work.
8. Better accuracy with appropriate analysis and design.

4.5 Working with assemblies

• Turn off visibility of components. Access the parts we need and update graphics faster.
• Use design representations.
• Turn off adaptivity of parts and vice versa.
• Assign different colors to components. Select colors from the Color list on the Standard toolbar.
• Use the browser to find components.

Fig.4.1 Detail view drawing of base of pneumatic drilling machine

The structures of pneumatic drilling machine is divided in to two part one for X-axis which axis for work piece like rectangle block and another for Y-axis for movement of Z-axis which having a tool for 2 D hole cutting.

Fig.4.2 Detail view drawing of pneumatic drilling machine Structure

Fig.4.1 and 4.2 are reflected detail drawing of both structure of base and detailed view respectively.

Using part features creates all components of structure. All assemblies are created using various components (part) by constrained there relative motion.

Using part modeling environment to create structure.

First to make geometry of standard section pipe with respect their practical data to measure thickness of plate and amount of extruded part by using extrude command in feature operation.

Further using new sketch on base extruded component and draw sketch on existing extruded feature to identifying model width.

As shown in Figure 4.3 to 4.6, there are different orientations of Pneumatic Drilling Mahcine Structure such as isometric view, front view, top view and side view.

Fig.4.3 Isometric view of Pneumatic Drilling Machine Structure

Fig.4.4 Front view of Pneumatic Drilling Machine Structure

Fig.4.5 Top view of Pneumatic Drilling Machine Structure

Fig.4.6 Side view of Pneumatic Drilling Machine Structure

The compressed air from the air compressor is used as the basic force zone for this operation. One Single acting and double acting cylinder is used in this machine .The air from the compressor enters into the flow control Valve and then it comes in contact with direction control valve. Air enters in to the cask through one way and the two way of air enters to the solenoid valve. When air enters to the cylinder 1, due to pressure difference work is done on the cylinder and it is pressed and when air enters to the other cylinder due to pressure difference drilling operation takes place as the drilling head comes down and drills the work piece. After this operation the cylinder releases the head with the help of arm and drilling head comes to its original position.

4.7 Factors Determining the Choice Of Materials

The various factors which determine the choice of material are discussed below.

1. Properties:

The material selected must posses the necessary properties for the proposed application. The various requirements to be satisfied can be weight, surface finish, rigidity, ability to withstand effect from chemicals, service life, reliability, maintainability etc. The following three types of properties of materials affect their selection

a. Physical
b. Mechanical
c.Chemical

The various physical properties concerned are melting point, Thermal Conductivity, Specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific gravity, electrical Conductivity, Magnetic purposes etc.The various Mechanical properties are strength in tensile,shear, bending, torsional and buckling load, fatigue resistance, impact resistance, elastic limit,endurance limit. The various properties concerned from the manufacturing point of view are.

• Ability of cast
• Ability of weld,
• Brazability,
• Ability of forging,
• Machinability,
• surface properties,
• shrinkage,
• drawing

2. Manufacturing Case:

Sometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost or surface qualities obtainable by the application of suitable coating substances may demand the use of special materials.

3. Quality Required:

The quality required for the market selling point of view should be accurate and good enough to be sold. So, according the advanced technologies in the field of drilling, forging, casting the quality of raw material as well as finished product should be such that to take tough competition in the market.

4.Availability of Material:

Some materials may have shortage or in short supply. It then becomes mandatory for the designer to use some other material which may not be a perfect element for the material designed.The delivery of materials and the delivery date of product should also be set such that the deal can be made in time without obstacles.

5. Space Consideration:

Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected because the forces involved arehigh and the space limitations are there.

6. Cost:

As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of material plays an important part and should not be ignored. Some times factors like scrap utilization, appearance, and non-maintenance of the designed part are involved in the selection of proper materials. The cost should be optimum so it wull be helpful to customer as well as manufacturer.

Table 4.1 List of Materials

Sr. No. Description Qty Material

1 Double acting pneumatic cylinder 1 Aluminum
2 Solenoid valve 2 Aluminum
3 Flow control valve 1 Aluminum
4 Drill head 1 C.I.
5 Control unit 1 Electronic
6 Pneumatic driller 1 M.S.
7 PU Tubes 5 meter Polureethene
8 Hose Collar 8 Brass
9 Reducer 8 Brass
10 Frame stand 1 M.S.
11 Fixed Plate 1 M.S.
12 Moving Plate 1 M.S.
13 Column Support 1 M.S.

Chapter 5 Detailed description of all components

5.1 Cylinder

It is used to generate linear motion in the whole equipment. It is used to generate the linear motion for holding the workpiece and it is used to generate the workpiece for drilling the workpiece. Following is the detailed drawing.

Fig. 5.1 Cylinder

5.2 L- Frame

It is used to clamp the wokpiece as well as it is used to hold the cylinders and entire drilling mechanism. The detailed drawing is shown in the figure.

Fig. 5.2 L-Frame

5.3 Connector

It is used to connect the pneumatic cylinder with the drill mechanism. Hence it compells drill to follow rotating mechanism. Following is the drawing of the connector:

Fig. 5.3 Connector

5.4 Piston Rod

It is used to do linear motion hence it is used to generate force inside the cylinder which is eventually used to generate linear motion. Following is the drawing of piston rod.

Fig. 5.4 piston Rod

5.5 Drill Bit

It is most important part of drilling machine as it is used to drill the workpiece. The drawing of the drill bit is as shown below:

Fig. 5.5 Drill Bit

Chapter 6 Project Management

6.1 Project Planning and Scheduling

As the design fulfills the drawbacks and limitations faced by electric drilling machine as a heavy weight. That heavy weight and human efforts lead us to the development of the project. With the principles of the pneumatics it helped us to create something innovative. As we had developed conceptual design in the 7th semester. We have developed the working model prototype in the 8th semester. At the beginning of the semester 8th we started collecting the components of drill. It took approximately 3 weeks to find components with proper specifications. After 3 weeks we started planning of fabrication of drilling machine. For proper fabrication we needed industry. Hence we started finding industry for the support of manufacturing the model. After that we started fabrication of drill.

6.2 Project development Approach

Project development approach consists of the limitations of electric drill. As per the drawbacks of electric drill we started to first find out the feasibility of hydralic drill. But it was carrying tremendous amount of weight. Hence we enlarged our planning to develop drill based on the pneumatic drill which consists of light weight. Hence it led us to develop the approach of project.

6.3 Project Scheduling and planning

1 Design Approach
2 Enlargement Of Design
3 Feasibility Of Design
4 Analysis Of Design
5 Optimization Of Design
6 Selection Of Materials
7 Optimization Of Materials
8 Searching Industry For Fabrication
9 Implimentation Of Manufacturing the Project
10 Final Preparation Of Report
11 Final Shape to Model

6.4 Risk Management

Risk is very significant parameter to be considered for making any project.There are certain amount of risks are involved as the project contains various factors such as Electricity, Human touch involvement and other unaccounted economic risks.The main aim of risk management is to reduce the risk to such extent the project touches the profit.

6.5 Risk Identification Analysis And Planning

Risk Identification is termed as the identification all the risks which are involved prior to make the project, during making the project and after making the project.As per the title of the Project the main risk involved is leackage of air as we came to know regarding this risk during fabrication of project.

To reduce the risk analysis was carried out by our team.This risk analysis was done on certain calculations which were done by hand calculations and on softwares.The reason behind the problem was foundnout and successfully soved.
To reduce the risk proper planning was carried out in order to check it for the Quality and Safety Purpose.

Chapter 7 Cost Analysis

Table 4.1 Cost of Components

Sr. No. Description Qty Material Cost ( Rs.)

1 Double acting pneumatic cylinder 2 Aluminum 3040
2 Solenoid valve 1 Aluminum 600
3 Flow control valve 4 Aluminum 1000
4 Drill head 1 C.I. 800
5 Control unit 1 Electronic 200
6 Pneumatic driller 1 M.S. 50
7 Hose Pipes 2 Polureethene 250
8 Hose Collar 2 Brass 250
9 Reducer 4 Brass 100
10 Frame stand 1 M.S. 600
11 Fixed Plate 1 M.S. 110
12 Moving Plate 1 M.S. 250
13 Column Support 1 M.S. 250
Total Cost 7500

Chapter 8 Feasibility Analysis

Feasibility analysis is termed as the feasibility of the whole project as it will be practically feasible in the industry as well as beneficial in long term and short term future.As our project was started in 7th semester we made only conceptual design but after studying all the prospects of the project we applied the principles of Pneumatics and with redesign and proper analysis we made the feasible design which will be helpful for industry as well as further modifications in the further project.Given below are the real model pictures which are practically feasible hence we include it under feasibility analysis.

Fig. 8.1 Top View

Fig 8.2 Isometric View

Fig 8.3 Side View

Fig. 8.4 Control Mechanism

Fig. 8.5 Switch Mechanism

Fig. 8.6 Front View

Chapter 9 Limitations

As every projects have the limitations our project has also one limitation of air leackage as well as the depth of the drill is limited to 10 mm because of the design considerations of the Cylinder and Drill head.

Chapter 10 Conclusion

The project carried out by us made an impressing task in the field of small scale industries and automobile maintenance shops. It is very usefully for the workers to carry out a number of operations in a single machine. This project has also reduced the cost involved in the concern

Bibliography &References

Papers

[1] A.Karthik, R.Krishnaraj, Nunnakarthik, R.Kumaresan, S.Karthik, R.Murali, ‘Single Axis Semi Automatic Drilling Machine with PLC Control”, 10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.0403009.

[2] Manish Kale, Prof. D. A. Mahajan, Prof. (Dr.) S. Y. Gajjal, ‘A Review Paper on Development of SPM for Drilling and Riveting Operation”, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 5, Issue 4, April 2015.

[3] Mohammad Javad Rahimdel, Seyed Hadi Hosienie, ‘The Reliability and Maintainability Analysis of Pneumatic System of Rotary Drilling Machines”, Springer, 07 November 2013.

[4] Prof. P.R. Sawant, Mr. R. A.Barawade, ‘Design and Development of Spm-A Case Study in Multi Drilling and Tapping Machine’, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies, Vol. I, Issue II, January-March, 2012/55-57.

[5] A.Sivasubramaniam, ‘Design of Pneumatic Operated Drill Jig for Cylindrical Component”, IJSR-International Journal of Scientific Research, Volume 3, Issue 3, March 2014.

[6] Ogundele, O. J.,Osiyoku, D. A. Braimoh, J., and Yusuf, I., ‘Maintenance of an Air Compressor Used in Quarries”, Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology (SJET), 2014; 2(4C):621-627.

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