Essay: MODULAR COORDINATION AN EMERGING TECHNIQUE OF PLANNING

ABSTRACT
In several building processes and systems currently used in social housing projects, there are many problems related to the lack of modular coordination and low connectivity between components, which result in the high incidence of waste and low productivity. This study aims to use the modular coordination and connectivity techniques with the aim of improving productivity, performance of construction process and reducing material wastage and improving cost-effectiveness of high-rise building. The study involves the survey and study of the dimensions of rooms of flat and coordination of same with dimension of concrete blocks, window- and door-frames, and ceramic tiles by taking a case study. By taking a case study efforts are made to reduce wastage and improve dimensional coordination between material and architectural plans. By using Modular Co-ordination we can reduce the wastage of the material. So this study project is about analyzing the conventional method of construction and interaction with software and then modifying the way of construction to reduce wastage and achieve control on construction project by the coordination of software during planning designing and the time overrun can be reduced also cost overrun can be eliminated. This project is about analyzing and comparing conventional way of construction and construction with the help of software optimized plans.
In this project we have taken a case study for our project situated at Pandvai sugar factory, Kosamba. By interviewing contractor we gathered the data of methodology of work from planning to final finishing. In this project by application of construction related software on different phases of construction we optimized the plan of Residential bungalows and compared the cost of flooring, area of plan, Wastage of material, time of construction
Keywords :Architectural design, Building systems, Connectivity, Modular coordination, Reduce wastage
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
Modular coordination is a concept of coordination of dimension and space, in which buildings and components are dimensioned and positioned in a term of a basic unit or module, known as ‘1M’ which is equivalent to 100 mm.
It is internationally accepted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and many other countries.
The introduction of modular coordination in building will constitute a positive step to streamline the industry towards proper metrication in building planning, design, construction, assembly and manufacturing of building materials and components.
Thus, the modular coordination can facilitate the achievement of greater productivity in the building industry by virtue of its ability to discipline the dimensional and spatial coordination of a building and its components.
Moreover, modular coordination allows a more flexible open industrial system to take shape.
The principal objective of implementing Modular Coordination is to improve productivity in the building industry through industrialization.
With the introduction of Modular Coordination in building, the concept will provide a positive step to streamline the industry towards proper metrication in building planning, design, construction, manufacturing and assembly of building materials and components.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
‘ Main Objective of Study is to Re-Plan the Residential Building using Modular Coordination Concept.
‘ Minimize the amount of wastage of material.
‘ Increase the Carpet area by Modifying Existing Planning by the Modular
coordination.
‘ To Compare the Actual Planning and Modular Planning.
1.3 BENEFITS OF IMPLEMENTING MODULAR COORDINATION
‘ The benefits of practicing modular coordination is to provide a practical approach towards the following:
‘ Facilitates cooperation between building designers, manufacturers, distributors, contractors and authorities.
‘ In the design work, enables buildings to be so dimensioned that they can be erected with standard components without undue restriction on freedom of design.
‘ Permits a flexible type of standardization, which encourages the use of a limited number of standardized building components for the construction of different types of buildings.
‘ Optimizes the number of standard sizes of building components. Encourages as far as possible the interchangeability of components, in whatever materials, forms or methods of manufacture.
‘ Simplifies site operations by rationalizing setting out, positioning and assembly of building components.
‘ Ensures dimensional coordination between installation (equipment, storage units, other fitted furniture, etc.) as well as with the rest of the building.
‘ Reduce the wastage of material, the time consumption is less, speedily work and cost is less and product is economical.
1.2 SCOPE OF WORK
‘ Research work is only limited up to Residential Building of Surat City. (Pearl City)
‘ The optimized plan was prepared by AutoCAD software.
‘ Modular coordination concept will be applied on the Tiles of Selected Building.
1.4 NEED OF STUDY
‘ It provides a practical and coherent: method for coordinating- the position and dimension of elements, components and spaces in the planning and design of buildings.
‘ To improve productivity in the building industry through industrialization. MC can facilitate the achievement of industrialization.
‘ Provide guide to building component sizing: this can reduce as much as possible the needs to further trim and shape the materials to fit together in construction thus reducing wastage of labour and material.
‘ True project success must be evaluated on all three components. Otherwise, a project could be considered a “failure.”
‘ To reduce the failure of project.
‘ To reduce the wastage and properly utilize the material stacked at site.
‘ Requirement proper planning is required.
1.5 WHY MODULAR CO-ORDINATION
‘ It provides a practical and coherent: method for coordinating- the position and dimension of elements, components and spaces in the planning and design of buildings.
‘ To improve productivity in the building industry through industrialization. MC can facilitate the achievement of industrialization.
‘ Provide guide to building component sizing: this can reduce as much as possible the needs to further trim and shape the materials to fit together in construction; thus, reducing wastage of labour and material.
‘ Mass production of building components factories: thus, ensuring good and consistent of workmanship and quality.
1.6 METHODOLOGY
1.6.1 Literature Review
Literature involves the data regarding software used in planning and suggestion for
reducing wastage.
1.6.2 Planning
Planning of building will be done with consideration of modular coordination for
for the purpose of resource saving.
1.6.3 Dimensional Coordination
Achieve optimum efficiency in manufacture and use of components and assemblies.
Avoid cutting and modifying components and assembling on site.
Standardize the profile and detail of joints between components.
1.6.4 Costing and Estimates
The cost of build will be taken out from the designs and plans.
Time and cost estimates will also be taken from the contractors by interviews.
1.6.5 AutoCAD work
AutoCAD software allows the users to effective conceptualization of ideas, simple
Modification of engineering designs, and use of varied fonts, colors, and textures
& other aesthetics features, rapid design calculations and so on.
1.6.6 Comparison
Cost reduction reduce, wastage of material with AutoCAD planning will compared.
Time analysis, comparison of plan, waste of material and also cost.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
TITLE AUTHOR MAJOR FINDINGS
1)Modular coordination: An application in construction industry
Saiyad Farhana,
J.J.Bhavasar
The modular coordination has various advantages over the conventional construction. It has ease of coordination, which offers ability to supply single source installation through factory trained distributor network. Modular construction is consistently high in quality both in design and construction. Modular coordination provides maximum flexibility to meet the design.
TITLE AUTHOR MAJOR FINDINGS
2)’The technique of modular coordination as policy design tool’
Aline da Silva Ramos
The major finding from this paper is if we use modular co-ordination the labour cost and material cost can be decreased very easily. Considering this context, it is believed that technique of modular coordination, associated with a simple scheme of the prefabrication can improve significantly the productivity and quality Products And Requires the following Characteristics:
(a) Prior planning;
(b) Production project;
(c) The manpower training;
(d) Use of family blocks with blocks compensators to avoid breaking blocks in execution;
(e)Reduction of the waste materials.
TITLE AUTHOR MAJOR FINDINGS
3) A Study on Basic Material Waste in the Building
Industry:
Main Causes and Prevention
Mahesh D. Meghani (PG – CEM student), B.V.M. Engineering college,
Gujarat Technological University.
Suggestion for reducing wastage:
1)Strict supervision and control of materials.
2)Creating an awareness of consequences of waste and educating staff.
3)Correct material planning and ordering.
4)Intensifying security.
5)Effective site management
6)Introducing the incentive schemes.
7)Improving material quality
8)Improving storage facilities.
9)Good line of communication between top management and workers.
10)Use of shop made item like door/window frames.
11)Imposing conditions to minimize wastage when negotiating workers/sub contractors.
TITLE AUTHOR MAJOR FINDINGS
4)Material Waste in Building Industry: Main Causes and Prevention
(JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT / JULY/AUGUST 2002)
12)Establishing proper method of measuring sand, aggregate purchasing.
13)Reduction of Waste through below mention point:
(i)Towards Zero wastage
(ii)The design stage
(iii)Site management
(iv)Standardization
After detailed study of the paper following short findings have been made.
1)In most poorly performing sites, a combination of causes were
related to the waste of bricks and blocks.
2)At several sites, there were problems related to the delivery of materials, such as the lack of control in the amount of bricks or blocks actually delivered and the damage of bricks or blocks during the unloading operation.
3)In both studies, poor
TITLE AUTHOR MAJOR FINDINGS
5)Reasons to build your next project modular.
Grant Smereczynsy
Member/CEO at Modular Building SystemsNetwork
LLC.
handling and transportation were the major sources of waste for bricks and blocks.
A primary benefit of modular construction is
its fast delivery. Due to the simultaneous
process of creating modules in a factory at the same time site work is occurring, modular
buildings can be constructed in up to half the time as buildings built completely onsite. This allows the buildings to be occupied sooner and allows owners to see a faster return on
investment.
In order to save the most time and money and maximize the efficiency of the modular
construction process, it is important to
implement the modular construction at the
beginning of the design process.
CHAPER 3
CONCEPT
3.1 INTRODUCTION
A convention for the co-ordination of the dimensions of building components and building incorporating them in their design, manufacture and assembly by means of a three dimensional spatial references system points, lines and planes to which the position and size of a components, assembly of element maybe related.
Construction industry is an integral component of a nation’s infrastructure and industrial growth even though construction industry is the second largest industry in India, the growth of this industry has been differential across the nation. The rural regions need tools for economic development, land use and environment planning to cope with the status of development in urban areas. The time available to achieve this goal is shrinking. Here arises the need for effective project management. Many issues are being faced by construction industry that must be taken care of. They include time and cost overruns due to inadequate project formulation, poor planning for implementation, lack of proper contract planning and management and lack of proper management during execution. It has been estimated by analysts that average cost of a project goes up by 30 percentage compared to the budgeted cost. Observations show that proper skilful management is imperative for the timely completion of the project within estimated budget and with allocated resources. Projects with good planning, adequate organizational machinery and sufficient flow of resources cannot automatically achieve the desired result and this can be achieved with use of software which will provide accurate data regarding project.
3.2 CONCEPT OF MODULAR COORDINATION
‘ The dimensional coordination is essential in order to:-
‘ simplify design and documentation procedures and allow the implementation of computer techniques;
‘ achieve optima efficiency in the manufacture and use of components and assemblies;
‘ avoid cutting or modifying components and assemblies on site;
‘ standardize the profile and detail of joints between components;
‘ Reduce non-standard or dimensionally incompatible components and assemblies; and maximize the Interchangeability of components and assemblies
‘ The basic module which is generally accepted at an international level is100mm which may be represented by the letter M.
‘ The main purpose of Modular Coordination is to achieve the Dimensional Compatibility between the Building Dimensions, Span or Spaces and the Size of Components and Equipment by using related Modular Dimensions.
3.2 SOFTWARE
AUTOCAD
AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting available since 1982 as a desktop application and since 2010 as a mobile web- and cloud-based app marketed as AutoCAD 360.
Developed and marketed by Autodesk, Inc., AutoCAD was first released in December 1982, running on microcomputers with internal controllers. Prior to the introduction of AutoCAD, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphics.
AutoCAD is used across a wide range of industries, by architects, project managers, engineers, designers, and other professionals. It is supported by 750 training centers worldwide as of 1994.As Autodesk’s flagship product, by March 1986 AutoCAD had become the most ubiquitous CAD program worldwide. As of 2014, AutoCAD is in its twenty-ninth generation, and collectively with all its variants, continues to be the most widely used CAD program throughout most of the world.
CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTOCAD
AutoCAD is perhaps the best known and leading Computer Aided Design software, widely employed in industry such as aerospace, shipbuilding, construction & interior, making the work of drafters, modelers and designers easy and handy.
AutoCAD software allows the users to effective conceptualization of ideas, simple modification of engineering designs, and use of varied fonts, colures, and textures & other aesthetic features, rapid design calculations, and so on.
3.3 Scope in Indian context
India is rapidly growing country in case of infrastructure in urban areas and bigger projects by the use of AutoCAD etc. Software construction process is supported and taken care of but the smaller projects or smaller building s support of software is not taken by the contractor and the planning and execution of work is done haphazardly.
If in India smaller projects also supported by Software then the time overrun cost overrun can be eliminated for smaller construction work and also the material and quantity estimates can be prepared accurately.
AutoCAD is getting a huge advantage in the animation industry for the world.
There will be a great scope in the animation industry for the world and also for all the automotive sectors of the world AutoCAD is a very important for an professional working in the design and drawing section of the construction industry,
Almost all the construction drawings are done using the AutoCAD software, and having its knowledge is an added advantage for any construction professional.
CHAPTER 4
CASE STUDY PROJECT
4.1 General Information
The case study taken for the project is a Residential building situated at Pandvai, Ankleswar. It is 120 residential bungalows. In this bungalows kitchen, hall,bed rooms and parking are provided.
4.2 Case study data
(Table 2 Case study data)
Case study: Residential Building
Residential Bungalows
Name of owner: Vraj Developers
Address: Situated at Pandvai Sugar Factory Road
Plot area: 40ft. X 20ft.
Total no of Bungalows 120
Contractor: Mr.Utsav Moradiya
4.3 PLAN
4.3.1 GROUND FLOOR PLAN (Figure 1 Ground Floor Plan)
4.3.2 FIRST FLOOR PLAN (Figure 2 First Floor Plan)
4.3.3 ELEVATION OF PLAN (Figure 3 Elevation of Plan)
4.4 Calculation of Flooring Tiles as per Contractor Plan
(Table 3 Calculation of flooring tiles G.F. and F.F.as per Contractor Plan)
Calculation of Flooring Tiles(Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Contractor Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 32″X32″,12’X12′
Name of Room Size of Room Carpet Area(sq.ft.) Size of Tiles Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bedroom-1 8’10 ”’x11’0″ 97.625 32″X32″ 20 13.73 6.27 600
Bedroom-2 10’0″x11’0″ 110 32″X32″ 20 15.47 4.53
Kitchen 13’0″x11’1”’ 144.625 32″X32″ 25 20.34 4.66
Living room 11’4”’x13’3″ 150.718 32″X32″ 25 21.19 3.81
Otta 11’9″x3’0″ 35.25 32″X32″ 10 4.96 5.04
Parking 7’6″x13’3″ 99.375 32″X32″ 15 13.97 1.03
Wada 13’3’x3’6′ 46.375 32″X32″ 10 6.52 3.48
Bedroom-3 11’4”’x13’3′ 150.718 32″X32″ 25 21.19 3.81
Balcony 11’4”’x3’0″ 34.125 32″X32″ 10 4.8 5.2
Total Nos. 160 122.17 37.83
Cost (Rs.) 96000 73302 22698
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 15.312 12″X12″ 20 15.31 4.69 200
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 17.578 12″X12″ 24 17.58 6.42
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10.5 12″X12″ 16 10.5 5.5
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 32.265 12″X12″ 40 32.27 7.73
Total Carpet Area 944.466 Total Nos. 100 75.66 24.34
Cost (Rs.) 20000 15132 4868
Total Cost (Rs.) 116000 88434 27566
Nos. of Bunglows Total Cost (Rs.) Cost of Wastage (Rs.)
1 116000 27566
120 13,920,000 3,307,920
Figure 4(a) Flooring of G.F. as per Contractor Plan
Figure 4(b) Flooring of F.F. as per Contractor Plan
4.5 Calculation of Flooring Tiles as per Original Plan by use of different sizes of Tiles
4.5.1 By Use of 600X600, 300X300
(Table 4 Calculation of flooring tiles G.F. and F.F.as per Original Plan by use of 600×600,300×300)
Calculation of Flooring Tiles(Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 600X600,300X300
Name of Room Size of Room Carpet Area(sq.ft.) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bedroom-1 8’10 ”’x11’0″ 97.625 600X600 30 25.19 4.81 270
Bedroom-2 10’0″x11’0″ 110 600X600 36 28.39 7.61
Kitchen 13’0″x11’1”’ 144.625 600X600 42 37.32 4.68
Living room 11’4”’x13’3″ 150.718 600X600 42 38.9 3.1
Otta 11’9″x3’0″ 35.25 600X600 12 9.1 2.9
Parking 7’6″x13’3″ 99.375 600X600 28 25.65 2.35
Wada 13’3’x3’6′ 46.375 600X600 14 11.97 2.03
Bedroom-3 11’4”’x13’3′ 150.718 600X600 42 38.9 3.1
Balcony 11’4”’x3’0″ 34.125 600X600 12 8.81 3.19
Total Nos. 258 224.23 33.77
Cost (Rs.) 69660 60542.1 9117.9
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 15.312 300X300 20 15.81 4.19 40
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 17.578 300X300 24 18.15 5.85
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10.5 300X300 16 10.84 5.16
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 32.265 300X300 40 33.31 6.69
Total Carpet Area 944.466 Total Nos. 100 78.11 21.89
Cost (Rs.) 4000 3124.4 875.6
Total Cost (Rs.) 73660 63666.5 9993.5
Nos. of Bunglows Total Cost (Rs.) Cost of Wastage (Rs.)
1 73660 9993.5
120 8,839,200 1,199,220
Figure 5(a) Flooring of G.F. by use of 600×600,300×300
Figure 5(b) Flooring of F.F. by use of 600×600,300×300
4.5.2 By Use of 800X800, 300X300
(Table 5 Calculation of flooring tiles G.F. and F.F.as per Original Plan by use of 800×800,300×300)
Calculation of Flooring Tiles(Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 800X800,300X300
Name of Room Size of Room Carpet Area(sq.ft.) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bedroom-1 8’10 ”’x11’0″ 97.625 800X800 20 14.17 5.83 550
Bedroom-2 10’0″x11’0″ 110 800X800 20 15.97 4.03
Kitchen 13’0″x11’1”’ 144.625 800X800 25 20.99 4.01
Living room 11’4”’x13’3″ 150.718 800X800 30 21.88 8.12
Otta 11’9″x3’0″ 35.25 800X800 10 5.12 4.88
Parking 7’6″x13’3″ 99.375 800X800 18 14.43 3.57
Wada 13’3’x3’6′ 46.375 800X800 12 6.73 5.27
Bedroom-3 11’4”’x13’3′ 150.718 800X800 30 21.88 8.12
Balcony 11’4”’x3’0″ 34.125 800X800 10 4.95 5.05
Total Nos. 175 126.12 48.88
Cost (Rs.) 96250 69366 26884
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 15.312 300X300 20 15.81 4.19 40
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 17.578 300X300 24 18.15 5.85
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10.5 300X300 16 10.84 5.16
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 32.265 300X300 40 33.31 6.69
Total Carpet Area 944.466 Total Nos. 100 78.11 21.89
Cost (Rs.) 4000 3124.4 875.6
Total Cost (Rs.) 100250 72490.4 27759.6
Nos. of Bunglows Total Cost (Rs.) Cost of Wastage (Rs.)
1 100250 27759.6
120 12,030,000 3,331,152
Figure 6(a) Flooring of G.F. by use of 800×800,300×300
Figure 6(b) Flooring of F.F. by use of 800×800,300×300
4.5.3 By Use of 1200X1200, 300X300
(Table 6 Calculation of flooring tiles G.F. and F.F.as per Original Plan by use of 1200×1200,300×300)
Calculation of Flooring Tiles(Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 1200X1200,300X300
Name of Room Size of Room Carpet Area(sq.ft.) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bedroom-1 8’10 ”’x11’0″ 97.625 1200X1200 9 6.30 2.7 1550
Bedroom-2 10’0″x11’0″ 110 1200X1200 9 7.10 1.9
Kitchen 13’0″x11’1”’ 144.625 1200X1200 12 9.33 2.67
Living room 11’4”’x13’3″ 150.718 1200X1200 12 9.72 2.28
Otta 11’9″x3’0″ 35.25 1200X1200 3 2.27 0.73
Parking 7’6″x13’3″ 99.375 1200X1200 8 6.41 1.59
Wada 13’3’x3’6′ 46.375 1200X1200 4 2.99 1.01
Bedroom-3 11’4”’x13’3′ 150.718 1200X1200 12 9.72 2.28
Balcony 11’4”’x3’0″ 34.125 1200X1200 3 2.20 0.8
Total Nos. 72 56.04 15.96
Cost (Rs.) 111600 86862 24738
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 15.312 300X300 20 15.81 4.19 40
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 17.578 300X300 24 18.15 5.85
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10.5 300X300 16 10.84 5.16
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 32.265 300X300 40 33.31 6.69
Total Carpet Area 944.466 Total Nos. 100 78.11 21.89
Cost (Rs.) 4000 3124.4 875.6
Total Cost (Rs.) 115600 89986.4 25613.6
Nos. of Bunglows Total Cost (Rs.) Cost of Wastage (Rs.)
1 115600 25613.6
120 13,872,000 3,073,632
Figure 7(a) Flooring of G.F. by use of 1200×1200,300×300
Figure 7(b) Flooring of F.F. by use of 1200×1200,300×300
4.5.4 By Use of 300X300
(Table 7 Calculation of flooring tiles G.F. and F.F.as per Original Plan by use of 300×300)
Calculation of Flooring Tiles(Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 300X300
Name of Room Size of Room Carpet Area(sq.ft.) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bedroom-1 8’10 ”’x11’0″ 97.625 300X300 120 100.77 19.23 40
Bedroom-2 10’0″x11’0″ 110 300X300 132 113.55 18.45
Kitchen 13’0″x11’1”’ 144.625 300X300 168 149.29 18.71
Living room 11’4”’x13’3″ 150.718 300X300 168 155.58 12.42
Otta 11’9″x3’0″ 35.25 300X300 48 36.39 11.61
Parking 7’6″x13’3″ 99.375 300X300 112 102.58 9.42
Wada 13’3’x3’6′ 46.375 300X300 56 47.87 8.13
Bedroom-3 11’4”’x13’3′ 150.718 300X300 168 155.58 12.42
Balcony 11’4”’x3’0″ 34.125 300X300 48 35.23 12.77
Total Nos. 1020 896.84 123.16
Cost (Rs.) 40800 35873.6 4926.4
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 15.312 300X300 20 15.81 4.19 40
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 17.578 300X300 24 18.15 5.85
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10.5 300X300 16 10.84 5.16
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 32.265 300X300 40 33.31 6.69
Total Carpet Area 944.466 Total Nos. 100 78.11 21.89
Cost (Rs.) 4000 3124.4 875.6
Total Cost (Rs.) 44800 38998 5802
Nos. of Bunglows Total Cost (Rs.) Cost of Wastage (Rs.)
1 44800 5802
120 5,376,000 696,240
Figure 8(a) Flooring of G.F. by use of 300×300
Figure 8(b) Flooring of F.F. by use of 300×300
4.5.5 By Use of 600X1200, 300X300
(Table 8 Calculation of flooring tiles G.F. and F.F.as per Original Plan by use of 600×1200,300×300)
Calculation of Flooring Tiles(Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 600X1200,300X300
Name of Room Size of Room Carpet Area(sq.ft.) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bedroom-1 8’10 ”’x11’0″ 97.625 600X1200 15 12.60 2.4 660
Bedroom-2 10’0″x11’0″ 110 600X1200 18 14.19 3.81
Kitchen 13’0″x11’1”’ 144.625 600X1200 21 18.66 2.34
Living room 11’4”’x13’3″ 150.718 600X1200 24 19.45 4.55
Otta 11’9″x3’0″ 35.25 600X1200 6 4.55 1.45
Parking 7’6″x13’3″ 99.375 600X1200 16 12.82 3.18
Wada 13’3’x3’6′ 46.375 600X1200 7 5.98 1.02
Bedroom-3 11’4”’x13’3′ 150.718 600X1200 24 19.45 4.55
Balcony 11’4”’x3’0″ 34.125 600X1200 6 4.40 1.6
Total Nos. 137 112.1 24.9
Cost (Rs.) 90420 73986 16434
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 15.312 300X300 20 15.81 4.19 40
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 17.578 300X300 24 18.15 5.85
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10.5 300X300 16 10.84 5.16
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 32.265 300X300 40 33.31 6.69
Total Carpet Area 944.466 Total Nos. 100 78.11 21.89
Cost (Rs.) 4000 3124.4 875.6
Total Cost (Rs.) 94420 77110.4 17309.6
Nos. of Bunglows Total Cost (Rs.) Cost of Wastage (Rs.)
1 94420 17309.6
120 11,330,400 2,077,152
Figure 9(a) Flooring of G.F. by use of 600×1200,300×300
Figure 9(b) Flooring of F.F. by use of 600×1200,300×300
4.5.6 By Use of 1200X600, 300X300
(Table 9 Calculation of flooring tiles G.F. and F.F.as per Original Plan by use of 1200×600,300×300)
Calculation of Flooring Tiles(Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 1200X600,300X300
Name of Room Size of Room Carpet Area(sq.ft.) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bedroom-1 8’10 ”’x11’0″ 97.625 1200X600 18 12.60 5.4 660
Bedroom-2 10’0″x11’0″ 110 1200X600 18 14.19 3.81
Kitchen 13’0″x11’1”’ 144.625 1200X600 24 18.66 5.34
Living room 11’4”’x13’3″ 150.718 1200X600 21 19.45 1.55
Otta 11’9″x3’0″ 35.25 1200X600 6 4.55 1.45
Parking 7’6″x13’3″ 99.375 1200X600 14 12.82 1.18
Wada 13’3’x3’6′ 46.375 1200X600 8 5.98 2.02
Bedroom-3 11’4”’x13’3′ 150.718 1200X600 21 19.45 1.55
Balcony 11’4”’x3’0″ 34.125 1200X600 6 4.40 1.6
Total Nos. 136 112.1 23.9
Cost (Rs.) 89760 73986 15774
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 15.312 300X300 20 15.81 4.19 40
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 17.578 300X300 24 18.15 5.85
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10.5 300X300 16 10.84 5.16
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 32.265 300X300 40 33.31 6.69
Total Carpet Area 944.466 Total Nos. 100 78.11 21.89
Cost (Rs.) 4000 3124.4 875.6
Total Cost (Rs.) 93760 77110.4 16649.6
Nos. of Bunglows Total Cost (Rs.) Cost of Wastage (Rs.)
1 93760 16649.6
120 11,251,200 1,997,952
Figure 10(a) Flooring of F.F. by use of 1200×600,300×300
Figure 10(b) Flooring of F.F. by use of 1200×600,300×300
4.5.7 By Use of 800X1200, 300X300
(Table 10 Calculation of flooring tiles G.F. and F.F.as per Original Plan by use of 800×1200,300×300)
Calculation of Flooring Tiles(Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 800X1200,300X300
Name of Room Size of Room Carpet Area(sq.ft.) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bedroom-1 8’10 ”’x11’0″ 97.625 800X1200 12 9.45 2.55 930
Bedroom-2 10’0″x11’0″ 110 800X1200 12 10.65 1.35
Kitchen 13’0″x11’1”’ 144.625 800X1200 15 14.00 1
Living room 11’4”’x13’3″ 150.718 800X1200 20 14.59 5.41
Otta 11’9″x3’0″ 35.25 800X1200 5 3.41 1.59
Parking 7’6″x13’3″ 99.375 800X1200 12 9.62 2.38
Wada 13’3’x3’6′ 46.375 800X1200 6 4.49 1.51
Bedroom-3 11’4”’x13’3′ 150.718 800X1200 20 14.59 5.41
Balcony 11’4”’x3’0″ 34.125 800X1200 5 3.30 1.7
Total Nos. 107 84.1 22.9
Cost (Rs.) 99510 78213 21297
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 15.312 300X300 20 15.81 4.19 40
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 17.578 300X300 24 18.15 5.85
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10.5 300X300 16 10.84 5.16
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 32.265 300X300 40 33.31 6.69
Total Carpet Area 944.466 Total Nos. 100 78.11 21.89
Cost (Rs.) 4000 3124.4 875.6
Total Cost (Rs.) 103510 81337.4 22172.6
Nos. of Bunglows Total Cost (Rs.) Cost of Wastage (Rs.)
1 103510 22172.6
120 12,421,200 2,660,712
Figure 11(a) Flooring of G.F. by use of 800×1200,300×300
Figure 11(b) Flooring of F.F. by use of 800×1200,300×300
4.5.8 By Use of 1200X800, 300X300
(Table 11 Calculation of flooring tiles G.F. and F.F.as per Original Plan by use of 1200×800,300×300)
Calculation of Flooring Tiles(Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 1200X800,300X300
Name of Room Size of Room Carpet Area(sq.ft.) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bedroom-1 8’10 ”’x11’0″ 97.625 1200X800 15 9.45 5.55 930
Bedroom-2 10’0″x11’0″ 110 1200X800 15 10.65 4.35
Kitchen 13’0″x11’1”’ 144.625 1200X800 20 14.00 6
Living room 11’4”’x13’3″ 150.718 1200X800 18 14.59 3.41
Otta 11’9″x3’0″ 35.25 1200X800 6 3.41 2.59
Parking 7’6″x13’3″ 99.375 1200X800 12 9.62 2.38
Wada 13’3’x3’6′ 46.375 1200X800 8 4.49 3.51
Bedroom-3 11’4”’x13’3′ 150.718 1200X800 18 14.59 3.41
Balcony 11’4”’x3’0″ 34.125 1200X800 6 3.30 2.7
Total Nos. 118 84.1 33.9
Cost (Rs.) 109740 78213 31527
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 15.312 300X300 20 15.81 4.19 40
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 17.578 300X300 24 18.15 5.85
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10.5 300X300 16 10.84 5.16
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 32.265 300X300 40 33.31 6.69
Total Carpet Area 944.466 Total Nos. 100 78.11 21.89
Cost (Rs.) 4000 3124.4 875.6
Total Cost (Rs.) 113740 81337.4 32402.6
Nos. of Bunglows Total Cost (Rs.) Cost of Wastage (Rs.)
1 113740 32402.6
120 13,648,800 3,888,312
Figure 12(a) Flooring of G.F. by use of 1200×800,300×300
Figure 12(b) Flooring of F.F. by use of 1200×800,300×300
4.5.9 By Use of 1200X190, 300X300
(Table 12 Calculation of flooring tiles G.F. and F.F.as per Original Plan by use of 1200×190,300×300)
Calculation of Flooring Tiles(Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 1200X190,300X300
Name of Room Size of Room Carpet Area(sq.ft.) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bedroom-1 8’10 ”’x11’0″ 97.625 1200X190 54 39.78 14.22 160
Bedroom-2 10’0″x11’0″ 110 1200X190 54 44.82 9.18
Kitchen 13’0″x11’1”’ 144.625 1200X190 72 58.93 13.07
Living room 11’4”’x13’3″ 150.718 1200X190 66 61.41 4.59
Otta 11’9″x3’0″ 35.25 1200X190 15 14.36 0.64
Parking 7’6″x13’3″ 99.375 1200X190 44 40.49 3.51
Wada 13’3’x3’6′ 46.375 1200X190 24 18.90 5.1
Bedroom-3 11’4”’x13’3′ 150.718 1200X190 66 61.41 4.59
Balcony 11’4”’x3’0″ 34.125 1200X190 15 13.90 1.1
Total Nos. 410 354 56
Cost (Rs.) 65600 56640 8960
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 15.312 300X300 20 15.81 4.19 40
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 17.578 300X300 24 18.15 5.85
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10.5 300X300 16 10.84 5.16
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 32.265 300X300 40 33.31 6.69
Total Carpet Area 944.466 Total Nos. 100 78.11 21.89
Cost (Rs.) 4000 3124.4 875.6
Total Cost (Rs.) 69600 59764.4 9835.6
Nos. of Bunglows Total Cost (Rs.) Cost of Wastage (Rs.)
1 69600 9835.6
120 8,352,000 1,180,272
Figure 13(a) Flooring of G.F. by use of 1200×190,300×300
Figure 13(b) Flooring of F.F. by use of 1200×190,300×300
4.5.10 By Use of 190X1200, 300X300
(Table 13 Calculation of flooring tiles G.F. and F.F.as per Original Plan by use of 190×1200,300×300)
Calculation of Flooring Tiles(Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 190X1200,300X300
Name of Room Size of Room Carpet Area(sq.ft.) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bedroom-1 8’10 ”’x11’0″ 97.625 190X1200 45 39.78 5.22 160
Bedroom-2 10’0″x11’0″ 110 190X1200 51 44.82 6.18
Kitchen 13’0″x11’1”’ 144.625 190X1200 63 58.93 4.07
Living room 11’4”’x13’3″ 150.718 190X1200 76 61.41 14.59
Otta 11’9″x3’0″ 35.25 190X1200 19 14.36 4.64
Parking 7’6″x13’3″ 99.375 190X1200 52 40.49 11.51
Wada 13’3’x3’6′ 46.375 190X1200 22 18.90 3.1
Bedroom-3 11’4”’x13’3′ 150.718 190X1200 76 61.41 14.59
Balcony 11’4”’x3’0″ 34.125 190X1200 19 13.90 5.1
Total Nos. 423 354 69
Cost (Rs.) 67680 56640 11040
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 15.312 300X300 20 15.81 4.19 40
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 17.578 300X300 24 18.15 5.85
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10.5 300X300 16 10.84 5.16
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 32.265 300X300 40 33.31 6.69
Total Carpet Area 944.466 Total Nos. 100 78.11 21.89
Cost (Rs.) 4000 3124.4 875.6
Total Cost (Rs.) 71680 59764.4 11915.6
Nos. of Bunglows Total Cost (Rs.) Cost of Wastage (Rs.)
1 71680 11915.6
120 8,601,600 1,429,872
Figure 14(a) Flooring of G.F. by use of 190×1200,300×300
Figure 14(b) Flooring of F.F. by use of 190×1200,300×300
4.6 Calculation of Flooring Tiles based on Min. Total Cost and Min. Cost of Wastage
(Table 14 Calculation of flooring tiles G.F. and F.F.as per Original Plan by use of various Tiles)
Calculation of Flooring Tiles(Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 190X1200,300X300
Name of Room Size of Room Carpet Area(sq.ft.) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bedroom-1 8’10 ”’x11’0″ 97.625 190X1200 45 39.78 5.22 160
Bedroom-2 10’0″x11’0″ 110 190X1200 51 44.82 6.18
Kitchen 13’0″x11’1”’ 144.625 1200X190 72 58.93 13.07
Living room 11’4”’x13’3″ 150.718 1200X190 66 61.41 4.59
Otta 11’9″x3’0″ 35.25 1200X190 15 14.36 0.64
Parking 7’6″x13’3″ 99.375 300X300 112 102.58 9.42 40
Wada 13’3’x3’6′ 46.375 300X300 56 47.87 8.13
Bedroom-3 11’4”’x13’3′ 150.718 1200X190 66 61.41 4.59 160
Balcony 11’4”’x3’0″ 34.125 300X300 48 35.23 12.77 40
Total Nos. 531 466.39 64.61
Cost (Rs.) 59040 52340.8 6699.2
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 15.312 300X300 20 15.81 4.19 40
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 17.578 300X300 24 18.15 5.85
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10.5 300X300 16 10.84 5.16
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 32.265 300X300 40 33.31 6.69
Total Carpet Area 944.466 Total Nos. 100 78.11 21.89
Cost (Rs.) 4000 3124.4 875.6
Total Cost (Rs.) 63040 55465.2 7574.8
Nos. of Bunglows Total Cost (Rs.) Cost of Wastage (Rs.)
1 63040 7574.8
120 7,564,800 908,976
Figure 15(a) Flooring of G.F. by use of various Tiles
Figure 15(b) Flooring of F.F. by use of various Tiles
4.7 Calculation of Dado Tiles in Contractor Plan
Calculation of Dado Tiles (Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Contractor Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 12″X15″
Name of Room Size of Room Height (m) Size of Tiles Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 10′ 12″X15″ 120 106 14 110
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 10′ 12″X15″ 144 120 24
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10′ 12″X15″ 88 84 4
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 10′ 12″X15″ 184 168 16
Total Nos. 536 478 58
Total Cost (Rs.) 58960 52580 6380
4.8 Calculation of Dado Tiles in Original Plan by use of various size of Tiles
4.8.1 By use of 300X600
Calculation of Dado Tiles (Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 300X600
Name of Room Size of Room Height (m) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 10′ 300X600 90 68.47 21.53 135
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 10′ 300X600 108 77.5 30.5
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10′ 300X600 84 54.24 29.76
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 10′ 300X600 156 121.96 34.04
Total Nos. 438 322.17 115.83
Total Cost (Rs.) 59130 43492.95 15637.05
4.8.2 By use of 600X300
Calculation of Dado Tiles (Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 600X300
Name of Room Size of Room Height (m) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 10′ 600X300 88 68.37 19.63 135
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 10′ 600X300 99 77.5 21.5
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10′ 600X300 77 54.24 22.76
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 10′ 600X300 143 121.96 21.04
Total Nos. 407 322.07 84.93
Total Cost (Rs.) 54945 43479.45 11465.55
4.8.3 By use of 400X800
Calculation of Dado Tiles (Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 400X800
Name of Room Size of Room Height (m) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 10′ 400X800 48 38.48 9.52 275
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 10′ 400X800 56 45.77 10.23
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10′ 400X800 40 30.51 9.49
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 10′ 400X800 84 68.61 15.39
Total Nos. 228 183.37 44.63
Total Cost (Rs.) 62700 50426.75 12273.25
4.8.4 By use of 800X400
Calculation of Dado Tiles (Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 800×400
Name of Room Size of Room Height (m) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 10′ 800X400 56 38.4 17.6 275
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 10′ 800X400 72 43.55 28.45
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10′ 800X400 56 30.47 25.53
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 10′ 800X400 96 68.53 27.47
Total Nos. 280 180.95 99.05
Total Cost (Rs.) 77000 49761.25 27238.75
4.8.5 By use of 250X375
Calculation of Dado Tiles (Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 250X375
Name of Room Size of Room Height (m) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 10′ 250X375 171 131.38 39.62 50
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 10′ 250X375 171 149.12 21.88
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10′ 250X375 135 104.22 30.78
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 10′ 250X375 288 234.23 53.77
Total Nos. 765 618.95 146.05
Total Cost (Rs.) 38250 30947.5 7302.5
4.8.6 By use of 375X250
Calculation of Dado Tiles (Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 375X250
Name of Room Size of Room Height (m) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 10′ 375X250 156 111.17 44.83 50
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 10′ 375X250 182 148.59 33.41
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10′ 375X250 130 104.22 25.78
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 10′ 375X250 265 234.23 30.77
Total Nos. 733 598.21 134.79
Total Cost (Rs.) 36650 29910.5 6739.5
4.8.7 By use of 300X450
Calculation of Dado Tiles (Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 300X450
Name of Room Size of Room Height (m) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 10′ 300X450 105 91.23 13.77 90
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 10′ 300X450 126 103.3 22.7
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10′ 300X450 98 72.31 25.69
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 10′ 300X450 182 162.52 19.48
Total Nos. 511 429.36 81.64
Total Cost (Rs.) 45990 38642.4 7347.6
4.8.8 By use of 450X300
Calculation of Dado Tiles (Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 450X300
Name of Room Size of Room Height (m) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 10′ 450X300 121 91.13 29.87 90
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 10′ 450X300 143 103.31 39.69
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10′ 450X300 110 72.23 37.77
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 10′ 450X300 209 162.52 46.48
Total Nos. 583 429.19 153.81
Total Cost (Rs.) 52470 38627.1 13842.9
4.9 Calculation of Dado Tiles based on Min. Total Cost and Min. Cost of Wastage
Calculation of Dado Tiles (Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Original Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 300X450, 250X375
Name of Room Size of Room Height (m) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bath 4’4”’x3’6′ 10′ 300X450 105 91.23 13.77 90
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 10′ 250X375 171 149.12 21.88 50
W.C.(G.F.) 3’0″x3’6′ 10′ 375X250 130 104.22 25.78 50
W.C.(F.F.) 4’4”’x7’4”’ 10′ 375X250 265 234.23 30.77 50
Total Nos. 671 578.8 92.2
Total Cost (Rs.) 37750 32589.2 5160.8
4.10 Calculation of Dado Tiles in Optimize Plan-1
Calculation of Dado Tiles (Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Optimize Plan
Size of Tiles Used : 375X250
Name of Room Size of Room Height (m) Size of Tiles Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bath 5’6”’x3’6”’ 10′ 375X250 182 155.26 26.74 50
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 10′ 375X250 182 148.66 33.34
W.C.(G.F.) 4”x3’6”’ 10′ 375X250 156 125.52 30.48
W.C.(F.F.) 4””x7’6′ 10′ 375X250 260 203.97 56.03
Total Nos. 780 633.41 146.59
Total Cost (Rs.) 39000 31670.5 7329.5
4.11 Calculation of Flooring Tiles in Optimize Plan-1
(Table 15 Calculation of flooring tiles G.F. and F.F.as per Optimize Plan-1)
Calculation of Flooring Tiles(Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Optimize Plan-1
Size of Tiles Used : 600X600,300X300
Name of Room Size of Room Carpet Area(sq.ft.) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bedroom-1 9”x11’9”’ 106.61 600X600 30 27.51 2.49 270
Bedroom-2 9’10″x11’9”’ 115.95 600X600 30 29.92 0.08
Kitchen 13’4″x11’9”’ 157.22 600X600 42 40.57 1.43
Living room 11’9”’x13’4″ 157.22 600X600 42 40.57 1.43
Otta 12’2″x1’11”’ 23.82 600X600 7 6.15 0.85
Parking 7’1″x11’9″ 83.22 300X300 96 85.91 10.09 40
Wada 13’3’x3’6′ 46.375 300X300 56 47.87 8.13
Bedroom-3 11’9”’x11’9”’ 185.718 600X600 36 35.88 0.12 270
Balcony 11’9”’x3’6″ 41.27 300X300 48 42.6 5.4 40
Total Nos. 387 356.98 30.02
Cost (Rs.) 58490 55817.2 2672.8
Bath 5’6”’x3’6”’ 19.899 300X300 24 20.26 3.74 40
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 17.578 300X300 24 18.15 5.85
W.C.(G.F.) 4””x3’6”’ 14.314 300X300 20 14.78 5.22
W.C.(F.F.) 4””x7’6′ 30.31 300X300 40 31.29 8.71
Total Carpet Area 999.504 Total Nos. 108 84.48 23.52
Cost (Rs.) 4320 3379.2 940.8
Total Cost (Rs.) 62810 59196.4 3613.6
Nos. of Bunglows Total Cost (Rs.) Cost of Wastage (Rs.)
1 62810 3613.6
120 7,537,200 433,632
Figure 16(a) Flooring of G.F. as per Optimize Plan-1
Figure 16(b) Flooring of F.F. as per Optimize Plan-1
4.12 Calculation of Flooring Tiles in Optimize Plan-2
(Table 16 Calculation of flooring tiles G.F. and F.F.as per Optimize Plan-2)
Calculation of Flooring Tiles(Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Optimize Plan-2
Size of Tiles Used : 300X300, 145X600
Name of Room Size of Room Carpet Area(sq.ft.) Size of Tiles (mmXmm) Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bedroom-1 7’10”’x10’10’ 85.25 300X300 88 88 0 40
Bedroom-2 10’10″x10’10’ 117.218 300X300 121 121 0
Kitchen 12’9”’x’ 142.015 300X300 156 146.6 9.4
Living room 11’9”’x12’9”’ 151.125 300X300 156 156 0
Otta 11’9”’x3’4′ 39.331 600X145 42 42 0 100
Parking 6’6”’x13’4″ 86.778 145X600 98 92.67 5.33
Wada 12’9”’x2’11”’ 37.781 300X300 39 39 0 40
Bedroom-3 11’9”’x12’9”’ 151.125 300X300 156 156 0
Balcony 11’9”’x3’4″ 39.331 600X145 42 42 0 100
Total Nos. 898 883.27 14.73
Cost (Rs.) 46840 45931 909
Bath 4’11’x3’11”’ 19.375 300X300 20 20 0 40
Toilet 6’6””x2’11”’ 18.544 300X300 21 19.14 1.86
W.C.(G.F.) 3’11”’ x2’11”’ 11.625 300X300 12 12 0
W.C.(F.F.) 5’11’x7’14”’ 48.714 300X300 63 50.29 12.71
Total Carpet Area 948.212 Total Nos. 116 101.43 14.57
Cost (Rs.) 4640 4057.2 582.8
Total Cost (Rs.) 51480 49988.2 1491.8
Nos. of Bunglows Total Cost (Rs.) Cost of Wastage (Rs.)
1 51480 1491.8
120 6,177,600 179,016
Figure 17(a) Flooring of G.F. as per Optimize Plan-2
Figure 17(b) Flooring of F.F. as per Optimize Plan-2
4.13 Calculation of Dado Tiles in Optimize Plan-2
Calculation of Dado Tiles (Ground Floor & First Floor) as per Optimize Plan-2
Size of Tiles Used : 300X300
Name of Room Size of Room Height (m) Size of Tiles Nos.of Tiles Nos. of
Used Tiles Wastage of Tiles Rate of Tiles (Rs.)
Bath 5’6”’x3’6”’ 10′ 300X300 176 157.08 18.92 40
Toilet 5’7”’x3’1”’ 10′ 300X300 187 164.83 22.17
W.C.(G.F.) 4”x3’6”’ 10′ 300X300 132 116.44 15.56
W.C.(F.F.) 4””x7’6′ 10′ 300X300 308 266.44 41.56
Total Nos. 803 704.79 98.21
Total Cost (Rs.) 32120 28191.6 3928.4
CHAPTER 5
COMPARISON
Contractor Plan Original Plan by use of various Tiles Optimize Plan-1 Optimize Plan-2
Flooring Tiles (Used) 32″x32″, 12″x12″ 190×1200, 300×300 600×600, 300×300 300×300, 145×600
Carpet Area (sq.feet)
944.466 944.466 999.504 948.212
Total Cost (Rs.) 116000 63040 62810 51480
Cost of Wastage (Rs.) 27566 7574.8 3613.6 1491.8
Dado Tiles (Used) 12″x15″ 300×450, 250×375 375×250 300X300
Total Cost (Rs.) 58960 37750 39000 32120
Cost of Wastage (Rs.) 6380 5160.8 7329.5 3928.4
Total Cost of Tiles (Rs.) 174960 100790 101810 83600
Total Cost of Wastage (Rs.) 33946.0 12735.6 10943.1 5420.2
(Table 17 Comparison of Carpet Area, Cost of Flooring, Cost of Dado Tiles)
 
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
As per our case study we concluded that..
‘ Carpet area increase in optimize plan-1 by 5.50% and in optimize plan-2 by 0.39% compared to contractor plan.
‘ Cost of flooring reduced by 45.85% and 55.62% in optimized plan-1 and plan-2 Respectively compared to original Contractor plan.
‘ Wastage cost of tiles in flooring work reduced by 86.89 and 94.59% in optimized plan -1 and plan-2 compared to Orginal plan..
‘ Total cost of both tiles flooring as well as dado are less in optimize plan-1 by 41.80% and optimize plan-2 by 52.51% compare to contractor plan.
‘ Better aesthetic view in optimize plan as compare to contractor plan.
‘ So overall we can say from this research work that Modular coordination is a way to reduce the wastage cost and to increase the Asthetics of the construction.
REFRENCE:
Paper:
(1)Aline Da Silva Ramos ‘The Technique of Modular Coordination As Policy Design Tool’, National Association of Technology of The Built Environment, ISSN 1678-8621 ” 2005.
(2)Case study: PEARL CITY At Pandvai sugar factory road.
(3) Grant Smereczynsy Member/CEO at Modular Building Systems Network LLC. ‘Reasons to build your next project modular.’
(4)IS : 4993 ‘ A983 ( IS Code For Modular Co- Ordination )
(5)IS : 6820 ‘ 1987 (recommendation for modular co-ordination in building industry)
(6)Mahesh D. Meghani ‘A Study on Basic Material Waste in Building Industry: Main Causes and Prevention.’
(7)Saiyad Farhana, J.J.Bhavasar ‘Modular coordination: An application in construction industry.’
(8)www.docstoc.com
(9)www.iso.org
(10)www.modular.org
(11)www.ajer.com