Abstract
Farmers are very interested in manually lever operated knapsack sprayer because of its versatility, low cost and design. So the idea of bicycle operated sprayer came in mind. This sprayer has certain benefits like it maintain required pressure; problem of back pain; and get maximum productivity and uniform spraying of crops with the minimum labour work. In this project not only care of production cost but also take care of environmental pollution. So we can make this project toward farming side which can help the farmer to use automatic spraying system with maximum rate in minimum time.
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Name
Fig 1.1 Pesticide sprayer
4.2 proposed system Design
5.1 Bicycle
5.2 sprocket
5.3 Reciprocating Pump
5.4 knapsack pump
5.5 chain
5.6 Nozzle
5.7 Telescopic pipe
5.8 Hose pipe
5.9 pressure valve
5.10 storage tank
CHAPTER 1
INTODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
In India there is a low status of agricultural mechanization and technology.
The main reasons for low productivity is insufficient power avaibility on the farms and low levels of farm mechanization in order to meet the food requirements of the growing population and rapid industrialization modernization of agriculture is inescapable.It is said that on many farms product suffers because of improper seedbed preparation and delayed sowing harvesting.So by this project we use spraying of weeds via motorcycle so that uniform weed spraying is achieved without need of tractor and less labor work In present farmers are suffers from high tech. and new equipments from Agricultural side, so in order to meet their needs and give opportunities to them for use of modernization we can make this project. By this tech. we used sprayer pump with remote operated tricycle so that there is uniformly spraying of fertilizer liquid with less cost . In this project we think to agricultural side ,so that we can facilities farmers to use modern technology and automation and this model is affordable to any middle class farmers with less labour work with automatic remote control.
1.2 CURRENT SCENARIO
Nowadays, the farmers are mostly use manual operated sprayer for the farm, which are very heavy and take more effort for carry it. In this type of sprayer the leakage problem is most occurs, so that wastage of the pesticide and other liquid. In automated pesticide sprayer, motor is stopped frequently when operating. In this type of sprayer the risk is high on the operator when wearing the equipment.
Fig1.1 Pesticide sprayer
1.3 Motivation:
The motivation behind this research work is to make sprayer via bicycle. In this project we think to agriculture side, so that we can provide facilities to the farmers to use modern technology and this model is affordable any middle class farmers with less labour work and in low cost. This is an energy efficient.
1.4.Solution
From the problem definition we have decided to make sprayer via bicycle. This sprayer is energy efficient and easier to operate and maintain. As it is a flexible product with adjustable height and width of spraying boom there is greater flexibility for using it for various crop further bicycle require more space to move, therefore it can be used in a more versatile manner as compare to power sprayer sprayer that are mounted on bike. A labour saving device, it can be used to spray one acre of land in 45 minutes thus covering more area compare to manual spraying. It is easy to assemble and disassemble. It is serve the dual use of sprayer cum bicycle
Chapter 2
Literature survey
2.1 Bicycle mounted sprayer
Author : Mansukhbhai Jagani
Year of publication:2007, India ,Gujarat
ABSTRACT: This portable spraying system is an assembly of a modified sprocket-pump assembly, tank and an adjustable sprayer boom. It can be mounted on any bicycle available in the market. A drum containing the solution is firmly attached to the frame of the bicycle. The reciprocating piston connected to the sprocket with linkage mechanism. A number of spraying nozzle connected to a manifold and their direction and height are adjustable according to requirements. The arm containing the nozzle holding manifold can be folded back while not in use. The driving sprocket and the driven sprocket interchanged from their usual positioning a conventional bicycle. The bigger sprocket is fitted to the wheel hub and the smaller sprocket is the driven one. while pulling along the bicycle, the forward. and backward movement of the bicycle through the chain and modified sprocket arrangement is transferred to a pump assembly which pumps air into the tank to generate pressure for spraying through the sprayer boom nozzles. The flow of the liquid from the tank to the spray boom and vice versa can be adjusted with the help of control valve. Both portability and drive are provided by parts of the bicycle.
Conclusion:
This sprayer is energy-efficient and easier to operate and maintain. As it is a flexible product with adjustable height and width of spraying boom there is greater flexibility for using it for various crops .
2.1 Design, Analysis and Fatigue life of sprayer
Author: Mrs. Sayali Salkade
Year of publication: International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,
Vol. 3 Issues 11, November-2014
Abstract: Farming in India is a traditional affair, involving sticking to the same old equipment and techniques. This paper attempts to design a smart technology that reduces farming efforts in spraying, and it aims to provide this at a cost affordable to a small-scale Indian farmer. The presented design considerations are for the cycle mounted spray pump assembly.
Conclusion:
‘ Back pain and exertion of the user due to its heavy
‘ weight and manual pumping. When the pressure inside the spay cylinder increases,
‘ the width of spray increases, thereby causing the wastage of pesticides. When Pressure in the tank fluctuates, it causes the flow to become turbulent which is highly undesirable. Herbicide/Pesticide gets into the eye of the user causing irritation.
2.3 Design And Development Of Wheel And Pedal Operated Sprayer
Author: Shivarajakumar
Year of publication: International Journal of Mechanical EngineeringVolume 2, Issue 6, June 2014
Abstract: Chemicals are widely used for controlling disease, in sects and weeds in the crops. They are able to save a crop from pest attack only when applied in time. The chemicals are costly. Therefore, equipment for uniform and effective application is essential. Dusters and sprayers are generally used for applying chemicals. Dusting, the simpler method of applying chemical, is best suited to portable machinery and it usually requires simple equipment. But it is less efficient than spraying, because of the low retention of the dust. I have proposed equipment that is wheel and pedal operated sprayer, it is a portable device and no need of any fuel to operate, which is easy to move and sprays the pesticide by moving the wheel and also peddling the equipment. In this equipment using reciprocating pump and there is a accumulator provided for the continuous flows of liquid to create necessary pressure for the spraying action. This wheel operated pesticide spray equipment consumes less time and avoids the pesticide from coming from front of the nozzles which will in contact of the person who sprays pesticides
Conclusion:
Insects are largely responsible for the crop destruction. Insecticides or pesticides, a man made or natural preparation areused to kill insects or otherwise control their reproduction. These herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers are applied to agricultural crops with the help of a special device known as a “Sprayer,” sprayer provides optimum performance with minimum efforts. The invention of a sprayer, pesticides, fertilizers, bring revolution in the agriculture or horticulture sector especially by the invention of sprayers, enable farmers to obtain maximum agricultural output.
2.4 Agricultural Fertilizers and Pesticides Sprayers – A Review
Author :Dr. S.K Chaudhary ,International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 1 | Issue 11 | April 2015
Abstract: Day by day the population of India is increasing and to fulfill the need of food modernization of agricultural sectors are important. Due to chemical fertilizers the fertility of soil is decreasing. Hence farmers are attracted towards organic farming. By mechanization in spraying devices fertilizers and pesticides are distributed equally on the farm and reduce the quantity of waste, which results in prevention of losses and wastage of input applied to farm. It will reduce the cost of production. It will reduce the cost of production. Mechanization gives higher productivity in minimum input. Farmers are using same traditional methods for spraying fertilizers and pesticides. Equipment is also the same for ages. In India there is a large development in industrial sectors compared to agricultural sectors. Conventionally the spraying is done by labors carrying backpack sprayer and fertilizers are sprayed manually. The efforts required are more and beneficial by farmers having small farming land.
Conclusion:
Sprayers are commonly used on farms to spray pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and defoliants as a means of crop quality control. To produce more output from the farm mechanization in the industrial sector is needed. It gives more productivity in less input. By mechanization we can reduces the efforts of labors and uniformly spray the fertilizers and pesticides all over the farm. So there is a need if mechanization in industrial areas in India.
CHAPTER 3
PROBLEM DEFINATION AND SOLUTION
3.1 PROBLEM DEFINATION:
In India there is a low status of agricultural mechanization and technology. The main reason for low productivity is in sufficient power availability on the farms and low levels of farm mechanization. In order to meet the full requirements of the growing population and rapid industrialization modernization of agriculture is inescapable. It is said that on many farms products suffers because improper seedbed preparation and delayed sowing harvesting. Using knapsack sprayer the farmer suffering from the back pain problem and many other problem and dieses of body. The automated knapsack sprayer is very noisy so that it is annoying. In hand held knapsack sprayer, the flow of the liquid is uneven. In this type of sprayers the risk of the operator is very high.
3.2 PROBLEM SOLUTION:
From the problem definition we have decided to make sprayer via bicycle. This sprayer is energy efficient and easier to operate and maintain. As it is a flexible product with adjustable height and width of spraying boom there is greater flexibility for using it for various crop further bicycle require more space to move, therefore it can be used in a more versatile manner as compare to power sprayer sprayer that are mounted on bike. A labour saving device, it can be used to spray one acre of land in 45 minutes thus covering more area compare to manual spraying. It is easy to assemble and disassemble. It is serve the dual use of sprayer cum bicycle
CHAPTER 4
Implementation
4.1 Work till today
Till today we have finished our work as per following
‘ identified all parts which will be use in our project like pump, gear, bicycle, valve, nozzle.
‘ Studied the functions of all parts like pump,gear,nozzle,valve.
‘ Completed the rough design on bicycle operated sprayer
4.2 Work will be carried out in next semester
‘ Design analysis on product
‘ Assembling all parts and making the product
4.3 Proposed system Design
Fig 4.3 proposed system design
Procedure:
‘ Fill the storage tank with the liquid required conditions of where been used.
‘ Transfer the chain from bicycle sprocket to pump sprocket when use.
‘ Open the pipes and adjust length as per your need.
‘ Then open the valve of the pipe which is connected between the cylinder to storage tank.
‘ Then sprayer is start spraying when bicycle is driven
CHAPTER 5
COMPONENT DETAILS
5.1 INTRODUTION COMPONENTS:
‘ BICYCLE
‘ CHAIN
‘ SPROCKET
‘ RECIPROCATING PUMP
‘ NOZZLE
‘ STORAGE TANK
‘ TELESCOPIC PIPE
‘ HOSE PIPE
‘ VALVE
BICYCLE:
Fig 5.1 Bicycle
A bicycle, also called a cycle or bike, is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A bicycle rider is called a cyclist, or bicyclist.
CHAIN:
Fig 5.2 chain
A chain is a serial assembly of connected pieces, called links, typically made of metal, with an overall character similar to that of a rope in that it is flexible and curved in compression but linear, rigid, and load-bearing in tension. A chain may consist of two or more links. Chains can be classified by their design, which is dictated by their use:
Sprocket:
Fig 5.3 sprocket
A sprocket is a profiled wheel with teeth, or cogs, that mesh with a chain, track or other perforated or indented material.The name ‘sprocket’ applies generally to any wheel upon which radial projections engage a chain passing over it. It is distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are never meshed together directly, and differs from a pulley in that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth.
RECIPROCATING PUMP:
FIG 5.4 RECIPROCATING PUMP
A reciprocating pump is a class of positive-displacement pumps which includes the piston pump, plunger pump and diaphragm pump. When well maintained, reciprocating pumps will last for years or even decades; however, left untouched, they can undergo rigorous wear and tear. It is often used where a relatively small quantity of liquid is to be handled and where delivery pressure is quite large. In reciprocating pumps, the chamber in which the liquid is trapped, is a stationary cylinder that contains the piston or plunger.
FIG 5.4 KNAPSACK PUMP
In agriculture, a sprayer is a piece of equipment that is used to apply herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers on agricultural crops. Sprayers range in size from man-portable units (typically backpacks with spray guns) to trailed sprayers that are connected to a tractor, to self-propelled units similar to tractors, with boom mounts of 60’151 feet in length.
Calculation for pump capacity:
Formula used-
gpm = gpa”mph”w
5940
gpm = gallons per minute, the nozzle flow rate.
gpa = gallons per acre, a decision made based on label recommendations, field conditions, spray equipment and water supply.
mph = the ground speed you select, miles per hour.
w = band width or spacing between nozzles in inches.
5940 = A constant to convert gallons per minute, miles per hour, and nozzle spacing inches to gallons per acre.
Pump Capacity= (Boom requirement)*(1.2)
Boom requirement= Nozzle flow rate(gpm)
1.2= factor to provide agitation and offset pump wear (20% greater capacity). For 1
acre of land we require 60 lit. solution. (as a rule of thumb)
Gpa = gallons per acre
Types of reciprocating pump:
Reciprocating pumps may be of the following types
1. Simple hand-operated reciprocating pump
2. Power operated deep well reciprocating pump
3. Single-acting reciprocating pump
4. Double-acting reciprocating pump
5. triple -acting reciprocating pump
NOZZLE:
Fig 5.5 Nozzle
A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow(especially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe. A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas). Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them. In a nozzle, the velocity of fluid increases at the expense of its pressure energy.
Flow rate of nozzle:
From a nozzle’s orifice per Flow rate is the amount of liquid sprayed our. In principle, the required flow rate will depend upon the application and the purpose for which the fluid is being sprayed.
It is important to be aware, however, that clogging can occur inside the spray nozzle if foreign matter is present in the material being sprayed.
Flow rate is usually calculated from the orifice diameter (cross-sectional area) and pressure, so a bigger orifice and lower pressure (theoretically) produces the same flow rate as a smaller orifice and higher pressure.
The SGS Unit Converter enables you to make these calculations easily, which is,
where Q-flow rate(m3/s)
C-flow rate coefficient
A-pipe cross sectional area,m2
G-gravity acceleration,m2/s
H-potential head, m
Telescopic pipe:
Fig 5.7 Telescopic Pipe
Telescoping in mechanics describes the movement of one part sliding out from another, lengthening an object (such as a telescope or the lift arm of an aerial work platform) from its rest state. In modern equipment this is often done by hydraulics, but pulleys are used for simpler designs such as extendible ladders & amateur radio antennas.
HOSE PIPE:
Fig 5.8 Hose pipe
A hose is a flexible hollow tube designed to carry fluids from one location to another. Hoses are also sometimes called pipes (the word pipe usually refers to a rigid tube, whereas a hose is usually a flexible one), or more generally tubing. The shape of a hose is usually cylindrical (having a circular cross section).
VALVE:
Fig 5.9 Valve
A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Valves are technically fittings, but are usually discussed as a separate category. In an open valve, fluid flows in a direction from higher pressure to lower
pressure. The word is derived from the Latin valve, the moving part of a door, in turn from volvere, to turn, roll.
STORAGE TANK:
Fig 5.10 Storage tank
Storage tank is a main component of the whole system.
Water tank parameters include the general design of the tank, and choice of construction materials.
Storage tanks are containers that hold liquids. The term can be used for reservoirs (artificial lakes and ponds), and for manufactured containers.
CHAPTER 6
REFRENCES
Refrence papers:
1. Theodore F Lehnarde (1990) ‘Agriculture sprayer’ Publication journal number US5172861A. country United states.
2. J Philip keathly (1998) ‘pesticide spraying apparatus ‘publication journal number US4893755A. country united states.
3. Willium A Ward(2004) ‘pedal operated fluid dispensing apparatus’publication journal number US2005/0242133A1.contry united states.
4. Mansukhbhai Jagani (2005) ‘bicycle mounted sprayer’ Indian patent granted number 198540.country India