Introduction:
Education is the key to success. It is the most powerful weapon that can change the universe. Education is the foundation of life, it gives us knowledge of the world around us. It develops us as a human beings and makes us succeed in life. Early in the 1960 before oil was discovered UAE was a very poor country with a very low level of education. According to my research it is estimated that there were approximately forty schools in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. These schools had no secondary or higher education, anyone who wanted to presume his studies had to travel abroad. UAE never stumbled on these hardships. Modern school education started to develop its routes. These developing schools where the building blocks of the education curriculum. By statistics and research the first developed modern school was the Alqasimiah School in Sharjah in 1930. In 1954 the emirate school adopted the Kuwait curriculum. Different schools started to emerge in Ras el kahyma and Dubai and even similar female only schools that adopted the Kuwait curriculum.
On December second 1971 United Arab Emirates did not only celebrate its unity as one country of seven emirates but it also celebrated the formation of the government new schooling system. One of its emerging government bodies was the ministry of education and youth. After the establishment of the new system in UAE, the booming of quality education started to rise. Education started to be free for both local men and women. Education curriculum of United Arab Emirates consists of middle schools, primary schools and high schools. Since the year 2000 education in United Arab Emirates has increased dramatically more than ninety percent of the local population knows how to read and write.
As the education emerged and United Arab Emirates started to adapt more and more curriculums starting from the British, American, Pakistani and Indian systems the price of education has increased too. A lot of people started to complain that schools and universities need a lot of money. Families end up spending at least 500,000 dirhams for a single child in order to complete his higher education. This research is the first to be conducted here in UAE and its aim is to find the coloration between the price of education and its quality. Do families spend huge amount of money on education that can be achieved abroad with only ¼ of the money spend in United Arab Emirates.
Literature review:
Assessment of quality of education a non-governmental university:
This study aimed to evaluate the quality of services of postgraduate school in a non-governmental university; to measure students’ views towards the present level and expected level of quality. The method used was a descriptive survey method and a standard questionnaire “ServQual” was used and the emphasis was on the gap between students’ expectations and current level of quality of services in responsiveness dimension of quality.
Post graduate students who had entered the university from 2005 where surveyed and they found that the highest mean score of the expectancy responses belonged to the professors sufficient expert knowledge and the lowest related to the students’ insights concerning their readiness for future jobs and professions according to the education they have received.
They suggested that it is essential to repeat this research every year to examine the changes in expectations and perceptions of the students and identify new needs and tendencies. According to the results the professors must allocate some extra time to respond to the students’ questions and prepare them for their future occupations by providing theoretical and practical instructions to meet the needs of the students.
Deficiencies in Education and Poor Prospects for Economic Growth in the Gulf Countries: The Case of the UAE:
This paper shows that the poor educational system and the hefty share of unskilled foreign workers in the UAE and Gulf countries are serious barriers to an effective execution of the strategies of these countries to decrease their dependency on foreign technologies and to rearrange their economies in order to make them less reliant on oil exports. Using surveyed data, they to provided proof on how the poor educational services lead to a poor provision of training, low proficiency levels, serious skills mismatch and lacking transfer of knowledge.
They suggested that gulf countries need to reconstruct their educational system, which is vital for enlightening the delivery of training and enhancing understood knowledge. This in turn will increase the proficiency level, the transfer of knowledge, the advancement of local technologies and productivity growth, simultaneously reduce the reliance on foreign technologies and foreign unskilled workers. From the survey they recommended that primacy should be given to boost the quality of teachers and mentors, using both internal and external training to attain knowledge and skills from abroad. Moreover the infrastructure should be improved through increasing both public and private spending on education, enrolment and access to schooling.
Winning in the Market Place by Defining Higher Education Quality Dimensions: A UAE Example:
As universities are facing forceful competition and financial limitations, attracting students becomes a vital activity. This study defined the significant quality factors that plays roles in students’ higher education choices and found out if these factors have an effect on student satisfaction.
They categorized university service quality into eight main areas, namely: in-campus experience/infrastructure, learning support and accessibility, administrative aspects, instructor quality, placement ability, academic quality, schedule flexibility, and support services. They advise that higher-education managers should pay specific attention to the infrastructure/in-campus experience as its performance mean was the lowest, improving it will result in an increase in the customers satisfaction. The University also needs to maintain and enhance the other aspects to maintain high customer satisfaction. Moreover, they suggest that instructor quality has a positive impact on student satisfaction. Hence, instructor selection and training would be a critical factor for university management. Finally they show that most students are working and flexible timing of classes affects their satisfaction greatly and that a more flexible schedule would ensure the satisfaction of the students.
The education and development in United Arab Emirates
Primary schools in United Arab Emirates, the enrollment of its male candidates in the year 2005 was about 85% and 81% of females. In secondary system of United Arab Emirates it stayed less at 62% for male students and 66% for female students. In the year of 2003, male students of ages between fifteen and twenty three reached at 98 percent literacy and 96 percent for female students this record was submitted in \’CIA World Fact book\’ of United Arab Emirates. Literacy rate of United Arab Emirates in 1989 was 53 % which is improved exponentially during the period of 2000-2007 and right now 90% people of UAE peoples are literate it means they can read and write easily. The situation of private schools of UAE is better than government schools and in the big cities like Dubai and Abu Dhabi there are approximately 50% of students in private school of UAE. According to World Bank report which is published in 2010, 16.83 was the student-teacher ratio (pupil-teacher ratio) of UAE. (Gyimah, 2011)
Assessing student satisfaction in transnational higher education:
This study identified the factors of student satisfaction at international branch campuses in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study was quantitative and involved 247 undergraduate and postgraduate students at branch campuses in the UAE who completed a questionnaire. The results show that levels of student satisfaction at UAE branch campuses were high in an overall. The aspects that were most significant in defining whether or not a student at a UAE branch campus was satisfied overall with their institution were quality of lecturers, quality and accessibility to resources, and effective use of technology. The findings indicate that universities aim to further increase levels of student satisfaction.
Students at universities, are mainly concerned with their classroom experiences and their access to, and use of, learning resources. The study also showed that achieving increased levels of student satisfaction could result in noteworthy competitive gain by improving student retention and student achievements and appealing to new students through encouraging word-of-mouth. The findings of this study correlate with other studies the message to the managers; where they should prioritize their efforts to improving classroom engagements if they are to achieve student satisfaction.
Research question:
The main research question that the study address is:
Is the amount of money spend on education is worth the quality received in United Arab Emirates
As far we know, no previous research was done in this area and this is the first research that’s addresses an issue like that.
Methodology:
In order to make sure to produce a realistic data without any errors. A qualitative and quantitative data research analysis had to be taken.
Quantitative data:
Survey questionaries’ where hand held in person with 100 individuals. 50 where locals and the other 50 where foreigners that started their education in United Arab Emirates. These data where transformed into two statistical graphs. A line graph chart and a bar graph chart that made the result more explainable and presentable.
Qualitative data:
In order to have an in depth research analysis qualitative measures had to be taken using unstructured interviews. These interviews where taken according a certain criteria that will be explained down as follows:
• Unstructured interview was held with a fifteen years old teenage giving his opinion on the quality of education he received until his secondary years of the schooling system.
• Unstructured interview was held with Mustafa a research assistant in the petroleum institute giving his opinion on the quality of education he had throughout his bachelors.
• Unstructured interview was held with Ahmed sayed a twenty six years old in American university of Sharjah
All these data where analyzed in a manner to give the coloration between the price and quality of education.
Data analysis
This is a sample of questions that has been distributed on 100 individual, 50 of which are locals and 50 are expats and the questionnaire is as follows:
Price of education/quality of education
Name:
Age:
Gender:
Is there any part of your education career in Abu Dhabi?
Yes no
If yes which part?
…………………………………………………………….
By estimation how much do you think you have spent on education so far?
……………………………………………………………..
Primary:
Secondary:
Higher:
Masters:
PHD:
Do you think the amount of money spent is equal to the quality of education received?
Yes no
Justify your answer
……………………………………………….
Statistical review
Shade the box below
Price of education: quality of education:
1-2 1-2
3-4 3-4
5-6 5-6
7-8 7-8
9-10 9-10
Explanation:
Price 1-2: low price
Quality 1-2: low quality
Answer: spent low price and got low level of quality education
Price 5-6: middle price
Quality 9-10: middle quality
locals
value price frequency quality frequency
1_2 26 1
3_4 14 1
4_5 6 1
5_6 2 5
7_8 1 7
9_10 1 35
Total 50 50
answer: spent an average amount and got high level of quality education
expats
value price frequency quality frequency
1_2 1 5
3_4 1 15
4_5 2 25
5_6 12 3
7_8 21 1
9_10 13 1
Total 50 50
Amount of money spent vs. quality received
satisfied 40
not satisfied 60
Findings and Discussions:
This research interview was held on behalf of the interviewee
Question: what is your name, how are you, your place of birth and where do you live
Answer: my name is Muhammad Essameldien I am fifteen years old, I was born in Egypt but I lived whole my life on UAE Abu Dhabi.
Question: Where did you start your education?
Answer: I have started my education here in Abu Dhabi in Islamic English School
Question: That’s the name of your school?
Answer: Yeah
Question: Which curriculum did you adopted in Islamic English School?
Answer: British system IGCSE
Question: From grade one you started the British system?
Answer: Yeah of course
Question: Which grade are you in?
Answer: I am in grade ten and currently know at that point of time I am doing my board IGCSE exams
Question: How much do you think you have paid through your years of education?
Answer: I don’t exactly remember but I think my father have paid a lot of money
Questions: If you started your studies in another country let’s say USA, do you think you will be paying a lesser amount of money for your education?
Answer: Well it depends you know, if you are going to a private school or a public school, if you have the visa, there are a lot of variables but if you have the visa and you go to a public school I would be paying less, private school they take a lot of money.
Question: With the amount of money you are paying right now, do you think you would get a better quality education somewhere abroad?
Answer: Yeah definitely, education here you know there are a lot of bad schools, most of the schools have really bad teachers they slack, they don’t do their jobs probably. In general most of the teachers are really bad. Practically all students need to take private lessons and make their parents pay extra money for something that they should be receiving at school. Without the private lesson the student won’t be able to pass the year. It’s really hard for them.
Question: So you’re measuring the quality of education by the quality of teaching not the type of curriculum you’re adopting?
Answer: Yeah, there is nothing wrong with the curriculum, as I told you teachers are the main reason. But this doesn’t mean that the curriculum is perfect, education in general is not perfect anywhere but, as they say don’t blame the system blame the player.
Question: Do you have an opinion or a suggestion for your school in order to improve the quality of education?
Answer: Most of the teacher change them all, remove them and bring better teachers, give them higher payment so they can do their job perfectly. Teachers in my school they get a really low salary so they don’t have the motivation to do their job.
Question: Do you think you are getting an equal quality to the amount of money you are paying?
Answer: no defiantly not, I am not even like, most of the semester I didn’t even go to school because we do nothing there, it’s really bad our teachers don’t even teach I take private lessons, literally their a lot of things can’t be learned by a book a teacher is needed.
Question: So your grades this if they were bad your blaming the teachers for them?
Answer: of course the whole blame won’t be on the teachers but yeah some of it will be on them. If they were doing their jobs perfectly then I won’t be needing any private lessons and I would have more free time to study instead of wasting it through private classes.
Question: So you define quality of education by the teachers teaching you?
Answer: yep sure
Question: Let me tell you a statistic that I have discovered which is a family almost spend 500,000 dirhams for their son to complete his education from primary to secondary until he reaches higher education, do you think with this amount of money you can get better educated abroad?
Answer: yeah sure, and also you’re talking here about non-citizens and of course you know the citizens or the locals they don’t pay for their education but of course the non-citizens yeah they could get a much better education abroad. But it’s easier said than done, if you can go and have the opportunity then I would recommend it for anyone to make their move. I know that United Arab Emirates is ranked higher and higher every year in the field of education and researches but let me put it this way, this is not the best country that you can get your education there are far more better countries, half a million dirham’s really is it worth it, in the end the citizen will work a boring office job from 9 to 5, they will get a low salary and he wouldn’t even use what he studied in his work. For example he might be an engineer and end up as a sales person! To add most people work jobs that they don’t need a qualification for.
Thank you for your time.
This interview was conducted in American university of Sharjah: Hello how is everything going, hope you doing fine. I would like to thank you for giving me some of your time to conduct this interview with you. It will be short and simple.
Question: To begin with I would like to ask you your name, age and your place of birth?
Answer: Well my name is Ahmed sayed I was born in United Arab Emirates but I am originally from Sudan I am 26 years old, hahaha half a century in this world, I like it though.
Question: So where did you start your education?
Answer: Well since I was born here I started my education in a public school not a private one as all the foreigners do, and I am sure you know they allowed emigrants to enter public schools with very low fees and at that time my family wasn’t doing that great financially so it was a perfect window for me. After I finished my primary school I started my secondary education in a British school.
Question: So why did you pursue in a British school wasn’t it costly?
Answer: Yes yes of course it was costly but my father got a new job that really shifted our position in life, we were really happy.
Question: Was there any different in the quality of education from the public school to the private British school?
Answer: Well I’m pretty sure you know the answer to that question but I will tell you anyway. Yes there was a great different to be honest the local curriculum is not that strong at all compared to that of the British system. Back in the local school the English period was like our free period, the teacher never came to class, adding to that the other periods were all in Arabic which was sad. In the British school English was the main language it was strong and I felt like I was getting to know knew things every single day.
Question: So you are saying that the quality of education was On point?
Answer: Hmmmmm, well I would say it was great it was to the point that I was getting educated every single day but sometimes the teachers don’t do their jobs to the maximum and I feel that the main reason for that is the Borden. They are teaching the same thing every year again and again.
Question: Now to the million dollar question, do you think the amount of money you are paying is worth the quality education you are getting?
Answer: As I told you education in my British school was good but if I think of it in that manner mmmm, I think I could get well educated abroad, I would pay lesser money and get better educated.
Question: What level of education are you in right now?
Answer: I have just started my master degree
Question: In which field?
Answer: Arts and social sciences
Question: How much are you paying for the whole master program?
Answer: Well I think that if you look at our program page through the website you would know the answer of this question.
Question: I’m pretty sure that what they write down in the website is not the same as what you end up paying right?
Answer: Hahahaha you got me here yes you are right well if you check the website it says something but in the reality at the end of the program I think I will be paying about 170,000 dirhams quite a lot ha!
Question: Why did you choose doing it here in United Arab Emirates?
Answer: Man United Arab Emirates is something else, I love the fact that I am in a country that likes to work on itself day by day specially in the field of education. It never stops citizen’s locals everyone is striving for a better knowledge. United Arab Emirates has been evolving in the education system in the past few years and they have been adopting systems that are exactly the same and you can find the same replica abroad, that’s why I choose United Arab Emirates.
Thank you Ahmed sayed for your time was really great having a conversation with you.
Your welcome, can I say something to end with
Yeah sure go ahead please!
Well I think in my opinion that United Arab Emirates after the expo 2020 will be an icon in the field of education, people will start to travel more and more here so they can pursue their education, mark my words I’m sure it will happen sooner or later. UAE will be one of the greatest countries in the education field especially after some schools have adopted the Finland curriculum which was proven that it was one of the best systems worldwide.
This interview was held in emirates collage of technology. Mr. Saeed el khaly thank you so much for taking some of your time for this interview.
No problem my pleasure to take part in a survey related to education, anything for the knowledge
Interviewer: I want to start this interview by asking you your age and your place of birth?
Saeed: I am a citizen of United Arab Emirates, I was born here in Abu Dhabi and I am 28 years old.
Interviewer: In which school did you study?
Saeed: I studied in a private school called the Al Bahiya Private School, I studied the local system which was mostly in Arabic.
Interviewer: which level of education are you in right now?
Saeed: well I’m done with my bachelors but let me tell you my story. After I finished my primary school and secondary years in Abu Dhabi my father taught that I could get better educated somewhere abroad. So he asked me if I would like to start my bachelor’s degree in United States of America. And I said yes why not it would be a different experience. So I travelled to USA and I started my bachelors but quite frankly when I came back to United Arab Emirates and I sat down with my friends who already graduated from their bachelor’s degree here in Abu Dhabi. I didn’t find any difference between what I studied and what they studied so in my opinion I think the system or the curriculum is different but on the other hand the knowledge that I have taken can be acquired here.
Interviewer: So do you believe we have a good quality education in United Arab Emirates?
Saeed: hahaha yes of course I do can’t you see where we are going, education here is booming of course twenty years ago we were not doing as great as now but now we are adopting new systems in schools like the one in Finland. Did you that there are two school here in UAE are adopting the Finland system which has proven to be the best system of education in the whole world but on our Islamic way. Ha-ha it won’t be a mixed school and a little bit change in the rules but overall it would be a great experience.
Interviewer: How much did you spend on education so far?
Saeed: Well since I am a local here I don’t get to pay for my education at all, maybe a very small unnoticeable amount you know for the books and all the stationaries but when I travelled to united states of America I had to spend everything and count on that the university fees, the resident that I had to stay in, the books and I would also take into my consideration the food that I have spent all that time because if I stayed in UAE I would have not spend any of these amounts.
Thank you Saeed for your time your answers will be of great importance to my research.
This research interview was held on behalf of the interviewee
Question: what is your name, how are you, your place of birth and where do you live
Answer: my name is Mustafa Essameldien I am 23 years old, I was born in UAE and I live in Abu Dhabi.
Question: Where did you start your education?
Answer: I have started my education here in Abu Dhabi in Islamic English School
Question: That’s the name of your school?
Answer: Yeah I shifted schools later but that’s where I started
Question: Which curriculum did you adopted in Islamic English School?
Answer: I am not really sure, I guess it was Indian or Pakistani system but I believe it’s very similar to British IGCSE system which I studied when I moved to another school
Question: and which school was that?
Answer: Al Najah private school and then Al Salam School and then International academic school
Question: From which grade you started the British system?
Answer: grade nine
Question: Which level are you at right now in terms of studies?
Answer: I graduated with bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the petroleum institute about a year ago.
Question: How much do you think you have paid through your years of education?
Answer: I don’t exactly remember but I think my father have paid a lot of money for schools, however I studied in university for free, on a scholarship. But if I was not on a scholarship I would be paying twenty five thousand per semester, multiply that by ten semesters which turns out at a quarter of a million, ok that’s a lot.
Questions: If you studied in another country let’s say USA, do you think you would paying a lesser amount of money for your education?
Answer: yes no doubt.
Question: With the amount of money that your university would take if you are not on a scholarship, do you think you could get a better quality education somewhere abroad or in another university?
Answer: yes definitely, I think although my university is considered fairly cheap, compared to others in the region, if I would pay I won’t be satisfied at all with what I get. And I think with this amount of money if you go abroad you can get a much better quality education and an overall university experience. The instructors here are not really that great and although the curriculum is adopted from another foreign university the quality is still not up to the standards
Question: So you’re measuring the quality of education by the quality of teaching not the type of curriculum you’re adopting?
Answer: Yeah, although the curriculum is not perfect. But the teacher is who delivers the information, he is the main contact between the student and the subject and that makes a huge difference in the quality of education. And definitely it’s not only the teacher and curriculum, especially in university, the campus life, facilities and the technology makes a huge difference in the quality of education.
Question: can you evaluate the quality of education you received. Do you have an opinion or a suggestion for your university in order to improve the quality of education?
Answer: the quality is average, the curriculum is not bad at all but it needs to be modified to suit our needs. And the teachers are average, some are good and some are bad. And something that can be improved is the use of technology, teachers should know what technology and teaching aids are available and use them, I think this would increase the quality of education.
Question: the technologies should be used, can you explain more about that?
Answer: yeah for sure, I know that in our university we have an electronic blackboard, the teachers can use that to add documents or lectures and other materials that can aid students learning. They can also conduct a homework or a quiz online, but the problem is they rarely use it and I think if it’s used it can engage the student more into the studies and improve the quality of education
Question: do you think that university makes you ready for a job, to start making some of the money that was payed for education?
Answer: no I totally disagree, universities feed the students information and then when we graduate and look for jobs we find out that the recruiters are asking for things that we never studied and they need experience, I think the universities need to find a fix for that, to close the gap between what students study and what they need to get jobs
Question: Let me tell you a statistic that I have discovered which is a family almost spend 500,000 dirhams for their son to complete his education from primary to secondary until he reaches higher education, do you think with this amount of money you can get better educated abroad?
Answer: yeah and then another 250,000 for university. I look at it as an investment, you basically invest in yourself some knowledge, like a business and if you are doing a business you expect to get profit out of it or at least break even in a year or two max. And that doesn’t happen at all when studying. The student invests for 12 years in school and then 5 more in university paying close to a million dirhams. And then after he graduates he goes through the hassle of finding a job and that takes a lot of time, because the university only fed him information but didn’t get him ready for a job. And even when he gets a job how much do you think he needs to get that about of money he spent on studies? I believe it’s a lot of time. I think paying for education is over rated and the quality you get for what you pay supports that even more.
Conclusion:
What does quality mean in the terms of education? Many terminologies of quality in education appear, testifying to the density and complex nature of the concept. The terms efficiency, effectiveness, equity and quality have often been used synonymously (Adams, 1993).
Large harmony exists around the original dimensions of quality education today, however. Quality education includes: Learners who are strong, health, well-nourished and have the ability to participate and educate themselves, and supported in learning by their families and society.
This research has been the first and the one of a kind conducted in United Arab Emirates. Aiming in its result to find the relationship between the price of education i.e., the amount of money spend by the students through their years of education and the quality of learning they are getting in return.
As seen previously in the qualities data analysis that the fifty survey questionaries’ conducted on the locals i.e. emirate citizens had shown that the price or the amount of money they pay for their education in their own country is represent low compared to the quality they are acquiring. On the other hand the survey questionnaires that where given to the emigrants has proven the exact opposite. Expats shown that most of them are paying a lot of money and they are not satisfied with the amount of education they are receiving.
Furthermore, the structured interview has cleared the quantitative data more and more, It made it more clear as Saeed al khaly said that he did not care much about the price of education that he was paying as it was a very low amount and he thinks that he is getting a good quality of education and united Arab emirates will be one of the biggest countries in terms of education by 2020.
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