Nazism and Stalinism, born from an economic crisis of World War I

During the 20th century, Europe was protagonist of two charismatic leaders that fought to impose their ideology to the entire world. These leaders were none other than Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin. The former founded a political regime in Germany called Nazionalsocalism, better known as Nazism; the latter founded a political regime in URSS (Union … Read more

The history of banking

The history of banking can be traced to its first prototype existing in the merchant’s world in the 14th century who profited by offering grain loans to farmers who sought to transport their commodities between cities of Sumeria. Barclays bank is a British multinational firm with its headquarters in London, United Kingdom. Its origins can … Read more

Globalization

Globalization is defined by Merriam-Webster as, “an act or process of globalizing, or the state of being globalized; especially, the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets.” (Merriam-Webster, 2018) With the introduction of the Internet to modern society, … Read more

PPP hypothesis

Where denotes the real exchange rate between the two countries. In its weaker relative form, it only requires: Clearly, the absolute version implies the relative, but not vice versa. Unlike the absolute which requires the real exchange rate of the goods to be in parity, the relative only require that it is constant over time. … Read more

The Life and Times of PPP

1.1 The Law of One Price and PPP The Law of One Price (LOP) is the whole basis and building block of any formation of PPP. In its most intuitive form, it states that the price of the same good in two different countries must be the same once converted into a common currency. This … Read more

Germany’s economy

Germany, the third-largest exporter and importer of goods, is a federal parliamentary republic located in central-western Europe. With a population count totaling 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most inhabited member country of the European Union. In today’s economy, Germany stands to be a great power with a strong and sustainable economy. By nominal GDP, … Read more

What are economic sanctions in trade?

The most common definition of an economic sanction in trade would be the withdrawal of customary trade and financial relations for foreign and security purposes. These different sanctions are applicable to cities, states but also to a country itself. We could expose the case of the United States embargo of Cuba, targeting a specific country … Read more

How the Explosion of Cryptocurrencies Onto the Global Financial Market Has Created the Need for International Regulations and Subsequent Sanctions for Their Misappropriation

INTRODUCTION As any semblance of diplomacy between most of the Western World and nations like North Korea continues to wither away, the need to increase speculation and outright regulation of cryptocurrencies has become ever more vital. At this point in time, it is widely speculated that nations like North Korea have been pooling funds to … Read more

Circular economy and policies

This article is about circular economy and the policies concerning Circular Economy. The first part of the article will describe what circular economy is and the counterpart of Circular Economy. Afterwards a couple of benefits of circular Economy will be described. The last part of the article will discuss rules from the past, current rules … Read more

PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT

PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT: HOW MALAYSIA REFORMS AMONG THE CRISIS ABSTRACT Since 1989, Malaysia has implement the Public Expenditure Management reforms through the using of the Modified Budgeting System (MBS). Public Expenditure Management (PEM) is an approach to public sector budgets are oriented towards achieving the desired social results. PEM introduced based on the three purposes … Read more

Shrinking Merger Arbitrage Post Crisis; Why Now?

Abstract This study is being conducted on the evolution of merger arbitrage spread post the financial meltdown of 2008 that is considered by many economists as the worst financial crisis after the Great Depression of the 1930s. Considering how cautious investors have become now, putting money in merger arbitrage investment strategy that seeks to profit … Read more

PARAMETRIC MEASURE OF EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY IN KENYA

  ABSTRACT Real exchange rate has proven to be an important factor in economy of a country therefore its volatility information is of importance to investors, policy makers, government and also other researchers. Exchange rates volatility has increase a lot of doubts in many economic sectors (industrial and agricultural) in Kenya. This study modelled KSH/USD … Read more

Political/Legal/Environmental aspects of PESTLE (Malaysia and the Netherlands)

1 Introduction Malaysia and the Netherlands are vastly different countries, both with their own (distinct) culture and environment. For companies that are interested in expanding their business to the other country, these differences can pose unforeseen situations. This report is a partial PESTLE-analysis, which is used in business to identify risks and opportunities in a … Read more