Essay: Organisational Deviance

The word “deviance” is related to the root for “deviate” which means to wander off track.  In sociology, our concern is just as much with what keeps people on the line as it is about people getting off it.
When people see individuals behaving outside the norm, in both senses (mathematical and sociological), they tend to do things that not only reflect their judgment, but also tend to be aimed at affecting the individuals engaged in the deviation.  One response is to exclude them from some social interaction.   Punishment.  This can amount to bigotry, and can include removing rights of the individuals.  Another response is to engage in behavior aimed at bringing the deviant individual in line, to change her or his behavior so as to conform to the norms of the community.
The behavior of other people can be a set of forces that keep us in line.  Their responses to our actions can be as positive and negative sanctions,  rewards and punishments.  Carrot and stick.  If we act within their boundaries of expectations and preferences, we are rewarded, and if we stray we are punished.
Because we are socialized the way we are, our assumptions about what other people are thinking affects how we act.  Those sanctions, positive and negative, can work on us not even by how others respond, but because of our assumptions about how others might respond. The difference between deviance and crime is that crime is a social deviance for which a law has been passed to forbid it, and for the state to punish someone who breaks the taboo.  That difference is basically the difference between “gemeinschaft” and “gesellschaft”.  Not every law is fair or based upon the will or consensus of the whole population, and some actions may be technically illegal yet accepted among the norms of the people. Some laws are not removed long after they outlast their usefulness. Punishment is the common legal response, but punishment is not a way to end crime, even in the individual being punished.
If everyone in the community has exactly the same notion of whether a person is a deviant or not, then the labeling process would be straight forward.  No disagreement.  But it is very rare to find even two persons in a community with the same precise set of values, let alone everybody in the community.
Where there are differing ideas about where to draw the lines, the community may recognize the authority of one person or one category of persons, to decide.  The person doing the identification has the power.
One mechanism for identifying and responding to persons to be labeled as deviates is the medicalization of deviance.  This is a mental manipulation which takes the eccentric and suggests that the reason for the aberration is rooted in disease, or at least incomplete health.  It puts a biological origin on to the situation, an all too common approach in this day of biological explanations for what are social conditions or situations.   Medicalization of deviance often is a mechanism for putting the power of identifying a deviate onto those trained in medicine, again putting a biological “cause” onto deviance.
Who has the control and how is it manifested?  Who us a deviate?  What is a deviate?  These are key questions here.
One element of differentiating different kinds and degrees of breaking norms is what is represented by the difference between harmless eccentricity versus dangerous crimes.  The social response, along a continuum between those extremes, is a continuity or spectrum also.
The classical example about which we learn in secondary school is Galileo, when he was declared a heretic by the Catholic church, for suggesting that the earth is not necessarily the center of the universe, because it goes around the sun.
As mentioned in Notes on Religion, the concept of nothing as a positive entity and goal was heretical to the church leaders in the Middle Ages. The Arabs brought the concept of zero along with their numbering system from India.  The first Europeans to use these were seen as deviants, heretics and criminals in their own communities.
In urban industrial and post industrial societies, we value social change and new inventions, if they are useful.  We therefore value creativity more than in rural societies.  Greater creativity causes greater deviance, and faster social change.  It produces more variety of values, which in turn allows for increased accusations of deviance, and greater culture conflict between sub cultures in a community.  For many reasons, cities have more deviants than villages or rural areas, per population.
Deviant workplace behavior is a behavior that violates organizational norms. There are four types of deviances.
Introduction Production deviance such as making personal phone calls, intentionally slow working, Property deviance, which includes stealing and sabotaging, Political deviance act such as manager asking employee to work beyond job description Personal aggression with deviant act such of sexual harassment, verbal and physical aggression Human Resource Management 4 types of deviance.
Introduction Managers who misused their power and harass its own employees which itself is a deviant act will trigger negative emotions in the workplace and ultimately lead to personal aggression.  These deviance acts contribute to a negative workplace environment which will breed a hostile working environment; demoralizing employees’ morale and breaks down leader-member relationship.   Negative work environment breed by hostile environment within an organization, creates severe effects on the employees that work inside the organization. Employee may experience severe physiological effects like changes in blood pressure or cholesterol levels, increase in muscle tension and at times heightened awareness of the environment. They may also suffer from psychological effects such as anxiety, anger and irritability, which may all lead  to  physical  aggression .
Interpersonal deviance is targeted at members of the organization and includes behaviors such as saying something hurtful or acting rudely to coworker. Organizational deviance is directed at the organization and includes behaviors such as stealing and withholding effort.
Deviance is common when employees are impulsive, low in socialization and do not perceive that their organization is fair.
The employees with aggressive  person  laities perceived more injustices and engage in more deviant behaviors at work than non-aggressive workers.
The theory that firms may resort to formalization to eliminate internal corruption and organizational deviance.
Thus the more positively organizational climate is viewed, the less incidents of misbehavior. The dimension of laws and rules showed strong relationship with organizational misbehavior. Thus the more rules and laws implemented in an organization, the more incidents of misbehavior.
Leaders are the most powerful determinant of organizational culture. The leader’s values are “taught” to others and shape their behavior in the organization . Thus if a leader were to manifest deviance behavior, it will most likely to be mimicked by coworkers.
Effective communication skills help leaders to build strong relationship with subordinates, which generally lead to building an effective organization.
Solutions Proposal Practice Empathy Decision makers must practice empathy when dealings with subordinates which may consist of different cultural backgrounds, beliefs and values especially so in multi-cultural  society . For example, a manager must be sensitive to his Muslim employees during the fasting month and not to label the person as lazy. Encourage upward communication Upward communication reminds employees that they played an important role in the organization. Employees involvement helps boost  self worth , self esteemed and reduce incidence of workplace deviance.
Solutions Proposal Procedural justice explains how employees perceive fairness of procedure. This usually relates to yearly appraisal and promotion exercise. Employees usually perceive injustice when they are not given a raise that they deemed due to or denied a chance for a promotion. Procedural Transparency  standardize and a transparency procedurals related to appraisal, promotions and increments are made known to all employees. Employee who did well in their appraisal must be made known to all employees and what basis he or she is being appraised on.
Deviance happens when employees feel powerless to voice their unhappiness.
When  employees  starts  to compare their pay with their co-worker and the amount of workload  that   they have to  do. Complains  of unhappiness peak during yearly bonus and increment distribution. Transparent distribution  of  pay  Employees must be able to access information with regards to their pay grade, job description, basis allocation of bonus and increment. In reality, this information is rarely made known and is usually manipulated by office political interference.
Employees do mimic actions made by their immediate managers. Then there are managers who indulge in political deviance, slave driving their employees to work beyond their job scope or working hours. Thus it is not a surprise that incidence of sabotage and production deviance followed suit by the employees.
Leaders must take upon themselves to abstain from deviance act. Leaders may take on the approach of a transformational leadership style, whereby this inspirational approach inspire follower to forgo self  interest, encourage followers to be creative, pursue ambitious goals and empower them to Transformational leaders have a profound and extraordinary effect on followers. They show sincere and genuine care to the needs of followers. However in reality, transformational leaders are rare and managers cannot be turned into a transformational leader overnight.
Workplace deviance behavior is a phenomenal, which each and every organization will face and has significant dire economic consequences to the organization. Managers often neglect workplace deviance behaviors until it’s too late. Thus decision makers must at least understand the root causes of workplace deviance, which can be summed up to three important factors :. perceive of organizational injustice, role-modeling leadership and  rigid workplace environment. Leaders play an important role for they either spurred positive employee productivity growth or instigate workplace deviance. Transformational leaders may alter employee perception of organizational injustice as they are often held in high regards by all employees and thus creating a conducive workplace environments.
After establishing  USSR education and schools still had many problems too. The children had standards of education  they were given  strict  framework  in educational  program. Children were not given  any chance  to have their own opinion . They studied any subjects  by  the way of reciting  and they did not  have  their own researches.   Now the children  are very modern . The youth  of today  face  many challenges  that are  unique  to recent  decades .Industrial , technological  environmental  changes  have made  life  both easier and more difficult  for today’s  children. The biggest problem that youth  face  today  is single –parent households  that do not  maintain  an adequate income . The rate  of single-parent families has been increasing  since 1950 s. and women  are typically  the primary  caregivers  of children ,meaning that mother  must both  work  full  time and  parent alone . Six out  of 10 children  that live  in households  with only  the  mother  present  live below the  poverty line ,which  leads to even  more  problems   for young  people .Children  whose parent  works late ,or works  multiple  jobs , are often  left  alone  or with  a babysitter  for much  of the time  they are not  in school . The lack of quality  time spent  with  the parent  has the  potential  to lead  to emotional  issues , like  anxiety  or depression  Children  in these  circumstances  often  do not  receive  adequate   guidance   on schoolwork  or monitoring  resulting  in low  grades  and poor  learning  Other  issues  that  affect children  today include  cyber-bullying  . With  the rise   of the digital  age  , more  children  are creating  online  accounts  and  without  proper  supervisions , they are subject  to harassment and  predators.
Inattentiveness of parents will be able to lead to a bad result. Children may  be impacted by the bad surrenders. It may affect to the future of children. If you want to have a good organization you must  control  everything in your company .  To  organize training , to  interview  your employees, to organize the meetings with famous people, scientists,  businessmen
Before starting to work in your company , the workers must be informed about the schedule of her \\his job .  Every employee must know what for will they  be paid . Everyone must gain   knowledge, experience, love and enjoy of his work  and  do his best for company.